Depreciation and Vital Spark Essay

p. 182The New Economy Transport Company (NETCO) was formed in 1955 to carry cargo and passengers between ports in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. By 2008 its fleet had grown to four vessels, including a small dry-cargo vessel, the Vital Spark. The Vital Spark is 25 years old and badly in need of an overhaul. Peter Handy, the finance director, has just been presented with a proposal that would require the following expenditures: Mr. Handy believes that all these outlays could be depreciated for tax purposes in the seven-year MACRS class. NETCO’s chief engineer, McPhail, estimates the postoverhaul operating costs as follows: These costs generally increase with inflation, which is forecasted at 2.5% a year. The Vital Spark is carried on NETCO’s books at a net depreciated value of only $100,000, but could probably be sold â€Å"as is,† along with an extensive inventory of spare parts, for $200,000. The book value of the spare parts inventory is $40,000. Sale of the Vital Spark would generate an immediate tax liability on the difference between sale price and book value. The chief engineer also suggests installation of a brand-new engine and control system, which would cost an extra $600,000.15 This additional equipment would not substantially improve the Vital Spark’s performance, but would result in the following reduced annual fuel, labor, and maintenance costs: Overhaul of the Vital Spark would take it out of service for several months. The overhauled vessel would resume commercial service next year. Based on past experience, Mr. Handy believes that it would generate revenues of about $1.4 million next year, increasing with inflation thereafter. But the Vital Spark cannot continue forever. Even if overhauled, its useful life is probably no more than 10 years, 12 years at the most. Its salvage value when finally taken out of service will be trivial. p. 183 NETCO is a conservatively financed firm in a mature business. It normally evaluates capital investments using an 11% cost of capital. This is a nominal, not a real, rate. NETCO’s tax rate is 35%. QUESTION 1. Calculate the NPV of the proposed overhaul of the Vital Spark, with and without the new engine and control system. To do the calculation, you will have to prepare a spreadsheet table showing all costs after taxes over the vessel’s remaining economic life. Take special care with your assumptions about depreciation tax shields and inflation. New Economy Transport (B) There is no question that the Vital Spark needs an overhaul soon. However, Mr. Handy feels it unwise to proceed without also considering the purchase of a new vessel. Cohn and Doyle, Inc., a Wisconsin shipyard, has approached NETCO with a design incorporating a Kort nozzle, extensively automated navigation and power control systems, and much more comfortable accommodations for the crew. Estimated annual operating costs of the new vessel are: The crew would require additional training to handle the new vessel’s more complex and sophisticated equipment. Training would probably cost $50,000 next year. The estimated operating costs for the new vessel assume that it would be operated in the same way as the Vital Spark. However, the new vessel should be able to handle a larger load on some routes, which could generate additional revenues, net of additional out-of-pocket costs, of as much as $100,000 per year. Moreover, a new vessel would have a useful service life of 20 years or more. Cohn and Doyle offered the new vessel for a fixed price of $3,000,000, payable half immediately and half on delivery next year. Mr. Handy stepped out on the foredeck of the Vital Spark as she chugged down the Cook Inlet. â€Å"A rusty old tub,† he muttered, â€Å"but she’s never let us down. I’ll bet we could keep her going until next year while Cohn and Doyle are building her replacement. We could use up the spare parts to keep her going. We might even be able to sell or scrap her for book value when her replacement arrives. â€Å"But how do I compare the NPV of a new ship with the old Vital Spark? Sure, I could run a 20-year NPV spreadsheet, but I don’t have a clue how the replacement will be used in 2023 or 2028. Maybe I could compare the overall cost of overhauling and operating the Vital Spark to the cost of buying and operating the proposed replacement.† QUESTIONS 1. Calculate and compare the equivalent annual costs of (a) overhauling and operating the Vital Spark for 12 more years, and (b) buying and operating the proposed replacement vessel for 20 years. What should Mr. Handy do if the replacement’s annual costs are the same or lower? 2. Suppose the replacement’s equivalent annual costs are higher than the Vital Spark’s. What additional information should Mr. Handy seek in this case?

Prayer, Humility, and Fate

Victoria Smith (H) English 3 Mrs. Parsons September 24, 2012 Prayer, Humility, and Fate In the story, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Gawain is developed as a Christian hero through his reliance on prayer and his humility which illuminates the theme that God controls fate. Gawain is developed as a Christian knight through his reliance on prayer. This trait is shown when Gawain is lost in a storm and does not know which way to turn. Gawain prays â€Å"Lord I beseech you†¦for some house where I may hear Mass devoutly† (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 157, 159).Gawain demonstrates his dependence on prayer through this quote because it shows him praying to God for shelter in the storm and continually saying â€Å"Cross of Christ, bless me! † (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 761). Gawain is established as a Christian hero through this quote because he relies on prayer in order to complete his task because he realizes that he cannot do it on his own. Immediately after G awain prays, God reveals to him a castle just ahead. Gawain’s establishment as a Christian hero illuminates the theme that God controls fate because it shows God granting his request and granting him victory.This is essential to the development of the theme because it clearly shows God altering Gawain’s fate which sets the course for the rest of the story. Gawain’s humility throughout the story also establishes him as a Christian hero. In contrast to Beowulf, a pagan hero, who often bragged about his strength and superior ability; Gawain, a Christian hero, is humble, often to the point of putting himself down. After Bertilak’s wife finishes telling Gawain how great he is, Gawain responds â€Å"I am all unworthy†¦to presume to the honor you ascribe me† (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 1243, 1244).Gawain reveals his humility to Bertilak’s wife by not talking himself up, but humbling himself and claiming himself unworthy of such high prais e. Another example of Gawain’s humility can be found when he speaks to Arthur following the Green Knight’s challenge saying â€Å"I am the weakest†¦ and the least wise† and in response to Gawain’s humility, King Arthur gives Gawain God’s blessing and allows him to take the challenge in his place (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 354).Gawain’s humility is essential in his development as a Christian hero because the Bible commands Christians to humble numerous times including the verse found in 1 Peter 5:6 which says, â€Å"Humble yourselves, therefore, under God’s mighty hand, that he may lift you up in due time. † As Christians, it is believed that God will exalt those who are humble. This belief is clearly shown through Gawain’s humility and success as a hero further proving the theme that God controls fate. Because of Gawain’s humility, and his reliance on prayer, God grants him success in the end and Gawain is exalted.

Schools Like Any Other Organizations Education Essay

Schools, like any other organisations, are aggregations of interconnected human and non- human resources working together to accomplish a common end within structured relationships. But they differ from any other industrial, commercial, governmental or military organisation as it require a alone manners of leading, ways of thought and an attack to disposal. This is because the mission of schools is non to increase net incomes but to raising and develop people to go to the full functional persons foster the acquisition, personal growing and development of all participants, the staff and the pupils. Literature reappraisalOrganizational Behaviors and saying the relevancy in today ‘s contextA school is a universe in which people live, grow and work. Like any other societal organisation, the universe of school has power, construction, logic and values. The behaviour of people at work in a school, separately every bit good as group is non simply a contemplation of their single alone personalities but is strongly molded and molded by the societal norms and outlooks of the civilization that prevail in the organisation. Therefore the person and societal influence creates alone organisational behaviour of people in the school organisation. A school is an extraordinary powerful environment which form and mold behaviour of the people through its civilization and clime. This web of interactions between people and the organisation and its deductions for leading is determining the behaviour of people at work in educational organisations. The ends of any educational organisation are academic accomplishment, effectual work wonts, civic values, societal behaviour, self esteem and self trust. In order to accomplish the ends of schooling, the outlooks that instructors have for the accomplishments of pupils, the relationships between pupils and instructors, the motive of pupils, clip spent on instruction and acquisition and the equal relationships affairs. Besides how schools are managed, how pupils are grouped, how parents and the community are involved, how work is assigned and the determinations made in school. The widespread credence as the preferable manner for exerting control and coordination in schools is the bureaucratic mechanism. The present twenty-four hours acceleration in the development of engineering, political relations, economic sciences and society has by and large left stiff bureaucratisms staggering and unresponsive. To boom in today ‘s quickly changing universe, schools must nimble, adaptative to alter and invariably germinating ( Peter Senge – a learning organisation ) . They are non merely adaptable to new challenges emerging in the universe but are besides adaptable to the worldwide rise in outlooks for increased democracy, personal freedom, single regard and self-respect and chances for self- fulfilment. Administrators who tactically or explicitly embrace the non bureaucratism affect a good trade of persuading. The instructors who are underlying behavior form of theory X or Y who are in the non bureaucratic environment Theory Ten Theory Yttrium Needed to be belonged, liked and respected. Want to experience utile to the school and tend to corporate volitionally and to follow with school, section and unit ends if the above demands are fulfilled. In add-on to the demands of theory X, desire to lend efficaciously and creatively to the achievement of worthwhile aims. Majority are capable of exerting far more inaugural, duty and creativeness than their present work fortunes allow. Administrators ‘ basic undertaking is to do each instructor believe that they are utile and of import portion of the squad. They should be willing to explicate determinations and discuss instructors ‘ expostulations. Besides to affect instructors in planning and determination devising. Teachers should be encouraged to exert self way and ego control Administrator works to bring out the originative resources of the instructors. Teachers participate in determination devising and develop. Information is shared and instructors involve in determination devising. This helps to increase the demand of belongingness and single acknowledgment. It will increase the morale and cut down opposition to formal authorization. Administrators and instructors make usage of the full scope of experience, penetration and originative ability to better the public presentation in school. Accomplishment of aims will increase the self-control and self way. Schools in the island were officially introduced during the colonial epoch. Education is largely delivered through a spiritual background, either through temples or the church. The priests followed the regulations defined through the faith to set single behaviour. Many described such schools as oppressive. But traditionally such schools emphasized powerful societal norms and outlooks that support and wages such behaviour. The norms of such schools discourage behaviour that inquiries the established the order and proposes alterations. With the educational reform in 1947, schools in the state were managed under one organic structure known as Education section of Sri Lanka and new theories and constructs of instruction being introduced to the school web. In order to understand the acquisition abilities and features of kids and grownups in the educational environment, behavioural psychological science applied theories of development. B.K Skinners ‘ methodological analysis of behaviourism had hence embraced by instructors and they used the programmed instructions, scripted instruction, diagnostic-prescriptive instruction and behavior alteration in learning. Educationists decide on ends ( marks ) , all right supports to bring forth those responses ( lesson programs ) , a plan that will bring forth the coveted behaviours ( category room activity ) and eventually mensurate the support methods ( tests, all schoolroom, term and public ) and alter them carefully ( twelvemonth terminal reappraisal and preparation Sessi onss ) . These methods are non developed to â€Å" develop the head † but to set up the very behaviours which are to be taken to be grounds of acquisition. The pupils learn in such an environment retained the cognition and accomplishments they learn in school and so applied in state of affairss in existent life. Therefore unlike in the colonial instruction system, there were 1000s of people adding into the work force every twenty-four hours. They retained a ample sum of the cognition for many old ages and mastered that cognition. For the last decennary or so Sri Lankan authorities instruction system, including the universities were based on behaviourism and as a consequence, there are 1000s of unemployed school departers and alumnuss who are unable to suit into the current competitory market. As a consequence Educationists considered the cognitive psychological behaviour ( Chomsky ) had adopted the method of learning which will authorise the critical thought and originative thought ( with 2009 course of study alterations ) . This is besides the construct of left- encephalon and right-brain orientation of thought. Cognitive psychological science has a batch of impact on the pattern of learning and larning in the schoolroom. The results are emphasized and the solutions are being motivated to be reached by the pupils in assortment of ways. The schoolrooms are now larning environments which promote survey accomplishments, societal accomplishments, job resolution and organisational accomplishments along with the capable affair command. The instructors create motivated schoolroom environments harmonizing to Weiner and the expression for self- regard, when pupils show internal/ability property, supplying challenges to larn and developing them to keep self – regard when fa ilures occur. When they show internal/effort property to hold high outlooks for success as they will remain motivated in malice of impermanent reverses. There are assortments of specific actions that the instructors are in the ways and agencies of ways to increase motive in schoolroom undertakings. The intrinsic motive to be practiced through explicating or demoing why larning a peculiar content or accomplishment is of import, create and maintain wonder, supply a assortment of activities and centripetal stimulations, provide games and simulations, set ends for acquisition, associate larning to student demands and assist pupil develop program of action and the extrinsic motive through supplying clear outlooks, giving disciplinary feedback and providing wagess. The outlooks of a instructor in such an environment demands the instructors to alter radically with the technological alterations the passage of inactive acquisition content to electronic integrative tools. The instructor ‘s function remained mostly as a facilitator at the same clip to be a co-learner in technological cognition and accomplishments. The current demand from a instructor is to hold are, hypertext transfer protocol: //thejournal.com/articles/2008/06/30/the-future-of-instruction-teacher-as-colearner.aspx # Learning and creativeness – instructors use capable affair expertness to ease and animate creativeness in pupils, including ingeniousness, job resolution and reflecting through the usage of digital tools collaborative tools and co-learning experiences. # Assessment – Use appraisals for ratings so that the pupils set their ain ends for acquisition, engage in individualized acquisition and are evaluated based on multiple, varied formative and summational appraisals aligned with content and engineering criterions. # Digital age skills – instructors exhibit eloquence in digital tools, engage on a regular basis in engineering – based coaction and usage information resources to back up research and acquisition. # Digital citizenship: Teachers promote â€Å" safe, legal, and ethical usage of digital information and engineering, † promote etiquette, and work to further a planetary position in pupils # Professional development: Educators adopt a theoretical account of womb-to-tomb acquisition and exhibit professional leading through engagement in larning communities, rating of research into the latest digital tools for instruction, parts to the â€Å" effectivity, verve, and self-renewal of the instruction profession, † and presentation of leading in instruction engineering. The ministry of Education with NSB and selected providers took enterprises to supply Personal computers for instructors at a sensible monetary value through Teacher PC Drive plan and to supply developing through reputed private institutes such as IDM Computer Studies and Gateway in 2006. The ‘Innovative Teachers National Competition 2008 ‘ conducted by the Ministry of Education ‘s Secondary Education Modernization Project ( SEMP ) II and Microsoft Sri Lanka assessed the advancement of this plan. In â€Å" The Skills for life † launched in 2009, provides specialised plans for instructors in Sri Lankan instruction system plays a critical function in this scenario. Programs such as ICDL, CTP straight on ICT making and LTCC, IPICT as an instruction tool for non ICT instructors. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.skillsforlife.lk/index.php? option=com_content & A ; view=article & A ; id=9 & A ; Itemid=16 Photo caption: Kithsiri Abeysinghe – Nikawewa Dewanampiyatissa Central College, Chithrangani Karunasekera – Katuwana National School, Premawathie Henayalage- Project Manager, Department of Education North Central Province, Ranjith Tharukaratne – Sujatha Balika Maha Vidyalaya hypertext transfer protocol: //www.digit.lk/09_sept_slteachers The instruction leader inevitableness faces a calling in which new resilient responses are invariably required to run into the challenges that will ineluctably and unremittingly originate in the hereafter. These challenges are likely to happen in rhythms as they have for over a century. The jobs that seem overvelming to us now will in clip recede into the background as new an seemingly more demanding challenges emerge in the hereafter. In position of this dogged patterned advance, educational leaders non merely necessitate to develop responses to the urgencies of the minute but besides to develop a set of values, beliefs and principals to steer them in developing effectual schemes and actions in the unsure hereafter. Take together these values, beliefs and principals cast and determine the educational leaders vision of what the school ought to be like the way in which it should be traveling, and the terminal province for which it should be like, the way in which it should be travelin g and the terminal province which it should be endeavoring. A nucleus component in such vision

Compensation and Benefits - Financial Reward System Term Paper

Compensation and Benefits - Financial Reward System - Term Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that Compensation and Benefits in financial reward system are very important for organizations because it helps in the systematic organization of tasks and human resources with the purpose of attaining sustainable growth of the organization. Employees’ performance and motivation are depended on the financial as well as non-financial rewards provided by the organization and thus it can be stated as one of the important factors to boost the performance of the employees. An effective financial reward system should consider the organizational structure, its culture along with the need for affiliation by the employees, rewarding employees financially. It should also consider that each person working in the organization receives appropriate financial recognition for their i ­Ã‚ ­ndividual as well as group contributions in the organizational performance. Job evaluation is a system or process in which the contribution of an employee is det ermined with due significance to his/ her position in an organization. A good financial reward system enables the organization’s employees to receive financial recognition for their contribution and job role in the organization and thus can create a positive impact on the workforce. It is worth mentioning that the reward system should be dealt with effectively to have a positive impact on the employees. The output of job evaluation is used in various fields of an organization such as for making remuneration system, human resource management, and for decision making in the payments of different job profiles. The flowchart in the figure represents a theoretical perspective regarding job evaluation. Initially, documentation of position should be performed to view the complete picture of each position in the organization. Determination of remuneration range considering the market competitiveness is another important step in job evaluation process. The performance appraisal system should be well- designed to avoid inequality among the employees. Then a review should be conducted to check the above steps and identify if the goals are achieved within time limits followed by the final determination of the reward system. The job evaluation should be done fairly and there should be no discrimination on the ground of sex or other attributes. There should be equal pay for both male and female. Equal pay for the work of equal value also should be considered in order to maintain sustainability in the organization. Wage survey is a method of collecting information about workers’ remuneration for analysis of existing compensation system which is used to determine the remuneration of employees. Wages are basically paid on daily basis to the workers in any manufacturing or production unit. According to the ‘Fair Labor Standards Act’ of 1939, wages are paid on the basis of hours worked.

Hiring a Bank Teller Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hiring a Bank Teller - Assignment Example satisfies the requisite skill, experience, education and other job-related requirements of the employment position such individual holds or desires, and who, with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential functions of such position. The ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability against a qualified individual† (Manju Banerjee et al 144). If Anna were to file a suit, the burden of proof would be on her to prove that she was in fact a qualified individual who would be able to handle the job functions that the boss described to her in the interview process. The crux of the issue with regards to the critical terms related to the ADA and their requisite consideration hinges upon the letter of the law with regards to whether Anna could ultimately represent the â€Å"skill† and â€Å"job related requirements† that the teller position required. Although Dave found himself in a difficult situation, and ultimately asked an illegal interview question, the fact of the matter was that he was ultimately unsure if she would be able to live up to the job related requirements that Dave required of all his bank tellers. In a word, Yes. If the employer is able to show that he/she cannot provide the accommodations that the individual requires because the cost of doing this would place an unreasonable burden on the company – it is possible that he/she may not have to do this. 5. What about Carl’s point the multiple sclerosis is a progressive disease and that Anna will almost certainly get worse, thus creating potential problems of absenteeism and health care costs. Can Dave consider this issue in his decision? The answer to this is both yes and no; however the fact remains that these factors should not enter into the discussion due to the fact that they are future eventualities and not based on anything other than the employer’s interpretation of stated fact and conjecture. Ultimately, he is unable and bound by law NOT to ask Anna bout

An effective planning process is essential to optimizing the Essay

An effective planning process is essential to optimizing the organizations HR - Essay Example et al. 1999). Therefore, management's first and most fundamental problem is selecting the right individuals with the prospective for development. evenly important is the placement of those individuals in positions in the organizational structure where their talents are most desired. Manpower development instigates with human resources planning also known as manpower planning, which establishes a firm's specific personnel rations. These are attained by a qualitative fortitude of the individual job specifications and of the specific characteristics requisite of a person for the successful performance of each job. Once these job requirements are recognized, it is essential to forecast the number of persons desired for each job. This stage of employment is quantitative, as it entails estimates that are relatively easy to calculate from sales forecasts, labor turnover records, and other sources of data. Human resource planning involves: manpower planning and forecasting; studying the labor market; manpower recruiting; determining supply sources; selecting personnel with appropriate skills and qualifications; placing them on the job; and developing them into more productive employees (McDuff, N. 1995). Human resources planning imply a broad spectrum of activities touching many parts of an organisation. The focus of human resources planning is on decision support and policy making. It is concerned with aggregate flows of people into, within, and out of the organisation and with co-ordination of persons and jobs on an individual level. (Niehaus, 1979). Human resource planning is of great importance as it determines manpower requirements and the means for meeting those requirements in order to carry out the integrated plans of the organization (Fombrun, C.J, Tichy, N M, Devanna, M.A, 1984). It includes determining the required types of skills and capabilities and the needed numbers of people, as well as the location and timing of the manpower needs. Optimization in manpower planning is emergent where human resources are treated as capital assets in much the same way that plant and equipment are currently treated. In essence, this system attempts through an accounting model to measure the cost of the resources, what it would cost to reinstate the resources, and what their value would be based upon their potential earning ability. This system emphasizes that man is a unique entity needing individualized consideration. Thus, managers are becoming more concerned with accounting for the human resources, both in terms

Public and private Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public and private - Essay Example Women tend to suffer more economic and emotional Regression than a man. The reasons are manifold. Firstly, many of them were providing for their kids singlehandedly, with a little or no help from their former husbands. Secondly, gender bias also affects the availability of opportunities in job market. As a result most of them remained Underpaid and over burdened with increasing budget deficit. However, a small number of these women that Arendell called â€Å"a unique sub group† did not show similar desperation as majority of the others did. According to Rendell most of them had a substantial support system from either their parents or legal settlement of property or their marriage experience was so unbearably painful that even a sense of Liberation could make them sufficiently optimistic. (Arendell, 1986) Thus, the study discussed in the present article Shows that a divorced woman in America is largely a victim of socioeconomic deprivation and is surrounded by a strange fear o f unpredictable future. This together with the psychological pressure, Complexes and Dilemmas rob them off all capacities to see a ray of light at the end of the tunnel. Increasingly common phenomenon i.e. â€Å"divorce†. The women interviewed were all passing through a Phase where they experience painful surprises on every day basis. A situation where just cost cutting Does not help let alone maintaining the pre divorced standard of living. Another very significant Concept discussed was the plight of single parenting which has both financial and emotional Repercussions. The article also touched upon the gender inequality in work opportunities and the Amount of social downturn a woman experience as opposed to man, as Peterson discussed in his book â€Å"Women, Work and Divorce† and I quote ,† Divorced women, like other women continue to be at a disadvantage in labor market. The level of occupational

Who would you talk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Who would you talk - Essay Example Donald believes that success is always dependent on your personal qualities like having fair dealing, healthy relationships with associated people either customers, employees or competing businessmen and trustworthiness. I have learned a lesson from his principles that one must be passionate to do a certain job regardless of the mishap and troubles in the way to success. Business carries troubles and downfalls along with victory and fame. Only intellect, hard work, careful analysis of present business position and evaluation with planning of possible risks is important to sustain the current pace of business growth. I would love to interact with a person like Donald Trump as he believes that a person can come over all the difficulties in his way to success. His perceptions inspire me as they suggest a person to step forward and not to mourn, even over the most devastating loss. His life illustrates a number of incidents where he faced crisis but did not lose the hope to achieve his g oal. Hence it can be said that willpower plays a vital role in becoming a successful businessman.My personal opinion is that a person can change his views after having conversation with a successful, confident and independent person. For instance, if a person loses his confidence and his hopes he cannot do anything unless or until he sets a new aim and starts his struggle to achieve it. Hence, a successful person may grow the feelings of courage, hope, passion, confidence and competition in others. People may take his personality.

Leadership photo narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership photo narrative - Essay Example She couldn’t wait to get there. Lana was excited, confident of meeting expectations and thereby earning the love and respect of her new colleagues. Lana had been offered a job as a computer technician in a prestigious firm that prided themselves on employing and empowering the differently abled. They subscribed to the school of thought that believed in person-centric planning for the required service and support systems for their employees with disabilities and consulted with a highly acknowledged team of Human Services professionals. Life seemed to have so much to offer that lovely morning that Lana had quite forgotten the hard time she had had just some time ago when boarding the bus. Looking at Lana’s bright and happy face and twinkling eyes, no one could have suspected how severely challenged the young woman was. Her peculiar condition made every physical action a little battle in itself. Some strange muscular dysfunction made her a contradictory combination of a sharp and agile mind in a physically challenged body that labored to obey simple signals from her brain. What a struggle every step she took was! Only she knew how much courage it took to go on doggedly determined to achieve her objective- sometimes as commonplace as climbing the rather high steps of the bus. However, Lana had been lucky to have a great family and caregivers. Her parents and siblings together with her teachers at the special school she had recently graduated from had helped her become what she was today. Lana was a trained information technology or IT professional. At her computer and on the internet, she was a wizard and that was exactly what had got her this job in the city. But Lana had learned much more than merely computer skills. She had learned to accept a stranger’s helping hand appreciating his or her genuine concern instead of feeling humiliated. She had learned to ignore the pitying glances of others better-abled than she. Above all she had

How will I utilize these funds to change my community for the better Scholarship Essay

How will I utilize these funds to change my community for the better - Scholarship Essay Example The out-of-school black youths have become a problem in our community. Aside from being a wasted potential labor force, they have become concerns of the government. With the funds that I will be receiving, I plan to gather them in a meeting and a fun time, where I would be able to relay to them the things I have learned from school; therefore they can get updated with the new knowledge taught at the university. It can be two-sessions per month during my free days, and it will consist of both a serious study and sharing of knowledge, and a fun-filled play and snack time. I will specifically use the funds for the buying of teaching materials and food. In line with this, I will also share with them some ways to earn extra income such as possible part-time jobs that they can involve in so as to save money for their schooling. These can be in the form of small enterprise or cooperative that will help these young blacks earn a living. To boost our budget and power, I will coordinate with our city-government for further financial and manpower support. In this way, we can give hope to the out-of-school black youths.

Morrie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Morrie - Essay Example to always be able to look at death itself straight in the eye and fight back no matter how hopeless the situation can be and then be on the positive side of things, to look at the future in an optimistic way.The professors future looked short as he has only a few months left to live but he managed to touch everyone around him, from family, relatives, peers, colleagues, and even complete strangers who saw his interview with Ted Koppel when it was shown on television. This paper discusses the important things in life worth knowing about to be happy on earth, in particular, how to live life fully by learning how to die gracefully. Despite being diagnosed with ALS with a very bad prognosis, Morrie Schwartz, the old and sickly professor mentioned earlier, was fiercely determined to live a useful life. He is of the belief that dying people need not be entirely useless; instead he encouraged all people who knew him to come and visit him if they had the time and the inclination so he could still be available to listen to their problems and perhaps give them a piece of useful advice. Morrie Schwartz was indeed a wonderful listener who can help other people because he had empathy and understanding; by letting them unload their problems to him, he would willingly listen despite his pains from the ailment. He was fond of aphorisms, of which the statement, â€Å"once you learn how to die, you learn how to live,† he said (Albom 82) had a very profound meaning for everyone who will listen. What he had meant with this statement is that people looking at impending death realize how precious life and valuable is, tha t these people suddenly realize the importance of the idea of living life to the fullest which means enjoy life without any hesitations or reservations about what other people may think and not waste a minute of it on trivial things that do not really matter in the grand sweep of life. In other words, most people go through life as if sleep-walking, doing things

Cell Phone Use While Driving Essay Example for Free

Cell Phone Use While Driving Essay Cell phone use while driving has caused unnecessary injuries and deaths throughout history. Those injuries and deaths prove the ignorance of the victims and set an example for others. Many people have lost their loved ones in cell phone related accidents but with every experience comes a lesson, which in this case is that cell phone use while driving should not be allowed. The road would be a safer place to drive if the use of cell phone while driving is prohibited. The risk of accidents increases significantly when a cell phone is being used while driving. A study by the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis estimated that six percent of vehicle crashes causes about 2,600 deaths and 330,000 injuries a year, which can be linked to one or more of the drivers involved using a cell phone (â€Å"Cell Phone Use While Driving a Big Cause of Accidents†). According to this study, the use of cell phones while driving is causing many unnecessary deaths and injuries. To treat those irresponsible drivers, all the citizens of the United States pay in the form of taxes. The forbiddance of cell phone use while driving will not only make the United States to be a safer nation, but it will also make it a happier nation. Many people are unaware of the dangers and effects of cell phone use while driving. To most people, drunk driving is a very serious crime, but using a cell phone while driving is a trivial matter. However, a research by the University of Utah proves that drivers drunk at the .08 percent blood-alcohol level drive slower than drivers using a cell phone. Driving with a cell phone is more distracting because drivers tend to concentrate less on the road, and more on the conversation, which leads to many accidents. If one is caught driving drunk in Michigan, his or her license is suspended for several months and an additional fine ranging from $250-$10,000 has to be paid. If the crime of drunk driving has such punishments, then the use of cell phone while driving should also have severe punishments. To many people, it may seem that cell phone use while driving should not be outlawed because emergency calls need to be attended or made any time. However, people can pull over to the side and make or receive emergency calls. According to the Human Factors and Ergonomics society, cell phone distraction puts the driver at a four time great risk of a crash. It may take more effort to pull over, stop, and call, but doing so would decrease the number of accidents by a massive number. . Even using cell phones during school times can be a big problem. It can  distract a students studies, since he/she will be too busy texting and calling people; he/she wont be able to concentrate and will keep thinking about those text messages. If there is something bad then they will be depressed all day long. If parents need to talk to their children urgently they will be able to talk to them during school. Some students during classes are always tense because of someone/something so by calling or texting they can clear their tension and focus on studies. Cell phones will help them solve the problems outside the school so they can peacefully study. Schools should understand how important it is for students to study and this is only possible if they are not thinking about anything else. The rate of accidents for drivers using cell phones has increased alarmingly. The convenience that cell phones offer must be judged against the hazards that they pose. Therefore, the government should ban the use of cell phones while driving, which would not only decrease the number of traffic injuries and deaths, but will also make the road a safer place to drive. The use of cell phone while driving is a crime that should be outlawed and punished for severely. There are two dangers linked with driving and cell phone use, including text messaging. First, drivers should not take their eyes off the road while dialing. Secondly if the drivers start talking on the phone then they get so lost in others conversations that they have no clue what is going on in front of them which causes them to get in an accident. That is one reason why so many states and countries banned the use of cell phones while driving and even in schools so young teenage people know when they have to use the phone and when not to.

Sickle Cell Disease: Causes, Effects and Treatment

Sickle Cell Disease: Causes, Effects and Treatment Abstract Sickle cell disease is a genetically inherited hematological (blood) disorder that results from a mutation in the beta globin gene that is responsible for the development of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein that delivers oxygen to the red blood cells throughout the body. In the disease, a mutated variant of normal hemoglobin generates an abnormal structure of the cells, leading to the development of symptoms. Sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia are two common types of sickle diseases that are discussed in this review. The symptoms, complications, and therapies are also highlighted in the context of the pathophysiology of the disease. Sickle Cell Disease: An Overview Sickle cell disease is a genetically inherited blood disorder and it is characterized by an abnormal structure or production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to cells throughout the body (National Institutes of Health, 2014). The disease results from a mutation in the beta globin gene causing a class of sickle diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia (Thein, 2008). Together, they are often referred to as the beta hemoglobinopathies and present a range in disease severity (Thein, 2008). Beta globin is a protein that produces hemoglobin and the gene mutation in both diseases produces abnormal variants of hemoglobin in the blood. This results in either a predominance of abnormal hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells or an absence of normal hemoglobin, and thus, normal red blood cells (Edwards et al., 2005). There are a number of available therapies that manage sickle cell disease and the only curative treatment is hema topoietic cell transplantation. Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Disease The National Institutes of Health reports that sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States and it affects 70,000 to 80,000 Americans (National Institutes of Health, 2014). It is estimated to occur in 1 in 500 African Americans and 1 in 1,000 to 1,400 Hispanic Americans (National Institutes of Health, 2014). The disease affects 30 million people worldwide and it is most common among people who have ancestors from Africa, Mediterranean countries, the Arabian Peninsula, India, parts of South America, Central America and the Caribbean (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011; National Institutes of Health, 2014). As it is an inherited disease, the sickle gene is presumed to have a genetic advantage in which it protects from the development of malaria infection (Stuart Nagel, 2004). There are many types of sickle diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia. Sickle cell anemia is considered the most commonly occurring type of sickle c ell disease (National Institutes of Health, 2014). In sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin S replaces both beta-globin and the sixth amino acid is changed from glutamic acid to valine (National Institutes of Health, 2014; Rees Gibson, 2011). Sickle cell trait is not considered a disease and it is found in approximately 1 in 10 African Americans (Edwards et al., 2005). When both parents have the sickle cell trait, there is a one in four chance with each pregnancy that the child will have sickle cell anemia (Edwards, et al., 2005). Today, many health organizations offer newborn screenings that can determine if a child has either the disease or trait (National Institutes of Health, 2014). The development of the disease occurs due to the polymerization of deoxygenated hemoglobin S (Chirico Pialoux, 2012). The polymer formation modifies the normal red blood cell disc shape into a rigid, irregular-shaped, unstable cell and causes intravascular hemolysis, or rupture of the cells, to release hemoglobin into the plasma of the blood (Chirico Pialoux, 2012). The repeated polymerization leads to sticky blood cells (blood cell adhesion), obstruction of blood vessels (vasocclusion), and restriction of blood supply to tissues and organs in the body (ischemia) (Chirico Pialoux, 2012). Additionally, the endothelium and leukocyte, or white blood cells, are also found to play a role in disease mechanisms. Studies have found a connection between the endothelium, a thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels, and sickled red blood cells (Stuart Nagel, 2004). The red blood cell receptors that are associated with cell adhesion are present in increased numbers on sickled immature red blood cells and mature sickle cells compared to normal red blood cells (Stuart Nagel, 2004). This finding demonstrates a structure-function abnormal activity that leads to coagulation on cell surfaces, leading to anemia (Stuart Nagel, 2004). Like cell adhesion, leukocytes have an impact in disease activity. White blood cells are found to be at an increased baseline in sickle cell disease, which serves as an independent risk factor for pulmonary and cardiac complications (Stuart Nagel, 2004). The size of the white blood cell, its rigidity, and adhesive characteristics are implicated in microvascular blood flow, vascular inflammation, and vasocclusion (Stuart Nagel, 2004). Clinical Symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease The clinical manifestation of sickle cell disease can lead to inflammatory responses and may result in acute chest syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, and stroke (Chirico Pialoux, 2012). People with sickle cell disease may also encounter several physical complications, such as delayed growth, fatigue, headaches, and cerebral vascular damage (Edwards et al., 2005). Acute chest syndrome is considered the second most common cause of hospital admissions and a leading cause of death in patients with sickle cell disease (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). It involves the presence of a pulmonary infiltrate on a chest X-ray and the symptoms may include chest pain, a temperature of more than 38.5 degrees Celsius (101.3 degrees Fahrenheit), tachypnea (rapid breathing), wheezing or cough ((Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). The symptoms at clinical presentation vary with age as wheezing, cough, and fever are common in children 10 years or younger (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). Pain in the arms and legs and shortness of breath are more commonly presented in adults with the disease (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). It is believed that there are three mechanisms involved in acute lung injuries, which include infection, fat embolization (clotting) from bone marrow, and sequestration of sickled red blood cells (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). People with sickle cell disease have an increased risk for developing infections, particularly pneumonia. Treatment for acute chest syndrome is primarily supportive and includes supplemental oxygen to keep the saturation above 92% (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). Pain is considered the most frequent complication associated with the disease and acute chest syndrome stimulates this crisis (Edwards et al., 2005; Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). Repeated episodes of acute chest syndrome predispose patients to chronic pulmonary disease, such as pulmonary hypertension (Stuart Nagel , 2004). The occurrence of asthma is also associated with the increased incidence of acute chest syndrome, which is considered a comorbid condition found in people with sickle cell disease (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). Beta Thalassemia Beta thalassemia is a common genetic blood disease that reduces hemoglobin production (National Institutes of Health, 2014). The hemoglobin gene mutation results in an unusually low level of beta-globin (National Institutes of Health, 2014). There are different levels of thalassemia based on the number of copies of beta thalassemia alleles or different copies of the same gene (Thein, 2008). The variety in alleles impacts the deficit in beta globin production, which, in turn, impacts disease severity (Thein, 2008). Carriers, for example, who have inherited a single copy of the beta thalassemia allele are clinically asymptomatic and may demonstrate mild anemia (Thein, 2008). Unlike a globin imbalance that is found in sickle cell anemia, variants of beta chains are broken down and result in ineffective red blood cell production in beta thalassemia (Thein, 2008). Physical complications involve cardiac and bone disease, bilirubin metabolism, and iron metabolism. Such symptoms may include jaundice and a predisposition to gallstones (Thein, 2008). Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease Several complications may emerge from sickle cell disease, whether it is in sickle cell anemia or in beta thalassemia. The purpose of therapies for sickle cell disease is to prevent and treat complications (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). The treatment of sickle cell disease is best achieved by decreasing the amount of hemoglobin S through the prevention of its production (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). People with severe sickle cell disease are treated with three validated therapies: hydroxyurea, transfusion and chelation therapy, and a hematopoietic or stem cell transplant (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Hydroxyurea has been shown to be an effective form of treatment for children and adults with the disease. It has been demonstrated to reduce pain and acute chest syndromes, and it decreases the frequency of hospitalizations and the need for transfusions. This therapy has also been found to play a role in stroke prevention (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). At a molecular level, hydroxyurea reduces the adhesion of sickle red cells to endothelial cells. It also modulates endothelial cell activation and nitric oxide generation (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Nitric oxide has been found to affect acute and chronic complications of sickle cell disease (Stuart Nagel, 2004). Nitric oxide, on a normal functioning level, induces relaxation of smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels. In sickle cell disease, the bioavailability of nitric oxide is impaired, resulting in an imbalance between endothelial production and consumption (Stuart Nagel, 2004). The lungs are most affected by a reduction of nitric oxide and tend to constrict, which predisposes an individual to acute chest syndrome (Stuart Nagel, 2004). No adverse effects have been thus far reported on the usage of hydroxyurea and any toxicity is typically reversible (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Transfusion therapy is currently considered a standard of care treatment for primary and secondary stroke prevention in children with sickle cell disease (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). It is used for short and long term management, preventing a first stroke in high-risk children as well as preventing against a recurrent stroke (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Transfusions are also used for chronic and severe pain or in cases when patients with acute chest syndrome do not respond to hydroxyurea (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Chelation therapy is used for patients who experience iron overload. Iron overload is a serious and inevitable outcome from receiving regular transfusion therapy (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Unless treated, iron overload may result in severe organ damage and other life threatening complications and this treatment mediates this by removing excess metals from the body (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). While hydroxyurea, tranfusions, and chelation therapy aim to prevent and treat complications, they do not cure sickle cell disease (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). The currently available curative treatment is a stem cell transplant. A transplant is indicated in those patients who experience complications, such as recurrent severe pain, acute chest syndrome, and stroke (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Only one-third of affected children meet the criteria for a stem cell transplant as it is an aggressive and serious procedure (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). The goal of a stem cell transplant is to replace the host’s marrow with normal cells, resulting in a new immune system (Stuart Nagel, 2004). Studies on stem cell transplant as a curative option for patients with severe sickle cell disease are demonstrating mean overall survival and event-free survival rates between 95 and 85% (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Significant advancements have been made for pediatric patients who have beta thalassemia and were treated with a stem cell transplant. Over the last three decades, disease-free survival rates have exceeded 80% in patients who received transplants from biologically compatible family donors (Mehta Faulkner, 2013). Sickle cell disease is a genetically inherited blood disorder that is primarily diagnosed in people who have ancestors from Africa, Mediterranean countries, the Arabian Peninsula, India, parts of South America, Central America and the Caribbean (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011; National Institutes of Health, 2014). The disease results by a mutation in the gene that creates beta globin, which is the protein that is responsible for producing hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to the body’s organs and tissues. When the mutation occurs, a hemoglobin variant is produced, resulting in a structural and functional change in the red blood cells. Several physical complications emerge in both children and adults who have the disease. These may include, but not limited to, pain, acute chest syndrome, cerebral and vascular damage (Edwards et al., 2005). There are three primary therapies for managing and/or treating the disease. These inc lude the drug, hydroxyurea, transfusion and chelation therapy, and hematopoietic cell transplantation (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). More research is underway in the development of additional treatment options, such as gene therapy and clinical trials are exploring this possibility. References Chirico, E. N., Pialoux, V. (2012). Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease. International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Life, 64 (1), 72-80. Edwards, C. L., Scales, M. T., Loughlin, C., Bennett, G. G., Harris-Peterson, S., De Castro, L. M., Whitworth, E., Abrams, M., Feliu, M., Johnson, S., Wood, M., Harrison, O., Killough, A. (2005). A brief review of the pathophysiology, associated pain, and psychosocial issues in sickle cell disease. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 12 (3), 171-179. Inati, A., Chabtini, L., Mounayar, M., Taher, A. (2009). Current understanding in the management of sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin, 33 (S1), S107-S115. Khoury, R. A., Musallam, K. M., Mroueh, S., Abboud, M. R. (2011). Pulmonary complications of sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin, 35 (5-6), 625-635. Mehta, P. A., Faulkner, L. B. (2013). Hematopoietic cell transplantation for thalassemia: a global perspective BMT tandem meeting 2013. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 19, S70-S73. National Institutes of Health (2014). Genetics home reference: beta thalassemia. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Retrieved from http://www.ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/beta-thalassemia. National Institutes of Health (2014). Genetics home reference: sickle cell disease. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Retrieved from www.ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/sickle-cell-disease. Rees, D. C., Gibson, J. S. (2011). Biomarker in sickle cell disease. British Journal of Haematology, 156, 433-445. Stuart, M. J., Nagel, R. L. (2004). Sickle-cell disease. Lancet, 364, 1343-1360. Thein, S. L. (2008). Genetic modifiers of the ÃŽ ²-haemoglobinopathies. British Journal of Haematology, 141, 357-366.

Defining And Measuring Poverty Sociology Essay

Defining And Measuring Poverty Sociology Essay In this essay I intend to define poverty, explain definitions and measurements of poverty absolute and relative. I will identify groups experiencing poverty, social exclusion and discrimination. I will then discuss the New Right and Social Democrat explanations for poverty, and assess their weakness and strengths. Poverty is about a lack of economic, social, physical, environmental, cultural and political resources that prevent people of all ages from fulfilling their potential. There is, however, not just a only single definition of poverty. The term can be split into two views that are, absolute poverty and relative poverty. Despite the introduction of housing and education acts and other legislation to improve standards of living, poverty is still a reality.   In society today there are still many who have little to sustain their everyday existence, and who survive well below the poverty line.   The arguments surrounding the definition of poverty centre on the two concepts of absolute poverty and relative poverty.   Absolute Poverty is the inability of a citizen to participate fully in the economic terms in the society in which he lives, also is experiencing lack of food, shelter clothing, healthcare care to survive. In many countries, absolute poverty is common people who face absolu te poverty have short life expectancy, poor nutrition and high levels of infant mortality. Continents like, Africa, Asia, and South American are more likely to experience this type of poverty, this may occur because of a complete lack of resources, or unequal distribution of wealth. Relative poverty is measured on poor standards of living relative to the rest of the society. The lack of access to many of the goods and services expected by the rest of the contemporary society. E.g. afford holidays this leads to social exclusion and damaging individuals and families in relative poverty. Relative poverty is used in Britain because in a rich country such this, there should be certain minimum standards below, that no one should be. The British society is becoming more richer ,norms changes and the levels of income and resources that are considerate to be adequate rises , for instance if poor citizens can keep up with the growth in average incomes, they will become more excluded from the opportunities that the rest of the society enjoy. If there is a large numbers of people who fall below the minimum standards, then they are excluded from ordinary patterns. The strength of this approach is that advocate a poverty line which moves in response to changing social expectations and living standards. Peter Townsend argued that income alone is not a satisfactory measure of poverty because households may have a variety of other resources at their disposal. Townsend work was criticised from those on the right, they argued that his research measure inequality rather than poverty, because they see inequality as inevitable, they that the concept of relative poverty in meaningless. Seebohm Rowntree devised a scale in 1901 to determine: the minimum necessities for the maintenance of merely physical efficiency .Rowntrees  measure from Stitt and Grant, 1993, explains the differences between two types of poverty.   Primary Poverty are families whose total incomes were insufficient to maintain physical efficiency and Secondary Poverty are families whose incomes would have been sufficient but for wasteful activity such as poor housekeeping, drunkenness and gambling.   Those who fell below this minimum level were said to be in poverty. This method of defining poverty is known as the budget standard approach, some of which are still in use today in defining poverty.  Ã‚   It is a measurement of absolute poverty, which is the most common way in which people visualise poverty.  Ã‚   In other words looking at what level of income is needed to provide a nutritionally adequate diet and other necessities of life.   This again can be and is debated. It is purely d own to personal perception and opinion upon the subject. This method provides a very clear definition, however it conceals the fact that the minimum level changes continually with time.   There are basically three current definitions of poverty in common usage: absolute poverty, relative poverty and social exclusion. Absolute poverty is defined as the lack of sufficient resources with which to keep body and soul together. Relative poverty defines income or resources in relation to the average. It is concerned with the absence of the material needs to participate fully in accepted daily life. Social exclusion is a new term used by the Government. The Prime Minister described social exclusion as a shorthand label for what can happen when individuals or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environments, bad health and family breakdown. The House of Commons Scottish Affairs Committee. However there are some critics say that absolute definitions of poverty have the merit of give fixed and universal definition which can be used for measuring and comparing poverty in all societies. They can also reveal changes in living standards in a society over time. Rowntree was been criticized by the fixed nature of absolute measurement. Some sociologists that support the relative definition of poverty argue that universal definitions not count since what count as poverty varies from time to time and place. They say that human needs cannot be objectively measured, based in measurement of human nutritional requirements in not possible. 2- physical needs are affected by age , sex, occupation and other social factors. 3- Necessities and essentials varies from time to time and place to place , human needs are culturally defined , reasonable standards of housing, diet, clothing in Britain are different from those in other societies and from Britain a hundreds years ago. In this ideol ogy poverty is relative, it is measured in relation to the standards of a society and place, it is not fixed because circumstances changes over time. The groups more likely to be in poverty are ethnic minorities, disabled, women , lone parents , older people, asylum seekers Ethnic minorities live in low income households, twice the rate for white people. Although they are variations by ethnic groups. Unemployment rates are higher among this group, black people are more likely to be in lows paid jobs. Also are disadvantaged by the way the social security system operates. These group is more concentrated in the inner London normally they are rehoused together in group causing mini ghettos, creating isolation, fear and violence and discrimination .Ethnic minorities such as asylum seekers are discriminated by society, and other groups from ethnic minorities through religion or culture. By the government policies, being refused citizenship, receiving lower payments than other families on benefits. Refugees could be considered by as a sub underclass, Murray. 1994:26. I totally agree with this citation because they live below the poverty line and the minimum standards that Britain says that no one should Governments accept responsibility for ensuring all citi zens receive a minimum income and have access to the highest possible provision in the fields of healthcare , housing education, and personal social services.( Deacon 2000,51) Lone parents also are discriminated specially lone women with children , in these group also can be included elderly women pensioners ,women are likely to experience pay inequalities , mens earning more, Blacks being labeled inferior compared to white men, women the weaker sex Hacker, 1972,51, to tackle this type of discrimination was introduced anti -discrimination acts , such as Race Relations Act (1976, 2000 amended), Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and Equal Pay Act 1970. The risk of poverty, inequality and social exclusion is not shared equally.   Some groups in society are more likely than others to find themselves in poverty. Children are at greater risk of poverty than adults in the UK and women are at greater risk than men.   To investigate poverty it is necessary to look at statistics compiled from various sources.   Whilst these statistics give some indication, it cannot completely show the poverty experienced by women and children. Despite compelling reasons, the importance of childhood poverty is not always recognised by policy makers.   They may need a policy that addresses the shorter-term situation whist policies aimed at longer-term changes are implemented. It is therefore not good enough to say that a policy will be beneficial in the long term.   Children who are growing up during that shorter-term period of lack of investment in primary health care or primary education, for example, will lose opportunities that they may not be able to regain later in life. Thus a generation may be facing to live in poverty. The New Right view about poverty is that the welfare state is responsible for causing poverty, Marsland (1996) argue that in a democratic, capitalist society wealth is created by those who are successful in business, and by others who innovate ,have entrepreneurial ideas and start new companies, people work for them , and generate income, they say entrepreneurs are motivated by money , and the government need to support them e.g. free market. They say that taxation should be low , by minimizing the size of government and by keeping expenditure low. Cutting on the provision of state benefits for those unemployed, in a indirect perspective the welfare state cause of poverty , is because discourages the efforts of entrepreneurs to start new companies which create jobs. Established companies pay higher taxes. In a direct point of view they blame the welfare state because they provide free health, financial support for those who dont want to work. People living in benefits increase the ta xes and there is a lost of productivity. They say that just some will be successful , inequality will always occur. The welfare state and the minimum wage protect exploitation from employers This approach was criticized because if they abolished the welfare state poverty was going to increase plus they saw poor people like lazy. Social Democrat view about poverty is that the welfare state is related to the 1940, Crosland (1956) argues that in any society, there will be groups in poverty , thought are not their fault some may be disabled, retired, unable to work because of childcare. Or crisis in the economy and not having enough jobs. For them the welfare state is responsible for these people and have to guarantee a decent standard of living then everyone in poverty is in need. By this the welfare state eliminates poverty with income provided by the state and paid out of general taxation. However the Third way criticized the saying that they kept the same welfare state like in 1940, and was failed to respond to the growth in single parenthood, and the change of women in society, single mothers remain in poverty trap, the state benefits they lost when they start to work, outweighed the income they received, then disempowered them to work. Plus the costs of welfare state increased higher expectations on health care, housing. However there will always exist poverty and inequality , the government will need to reform the welfare state , providing more professional courses given by the European Union , cut council tax, because I think that will make more people to going back to work. Instead of giving incentives for people to still waiting at home or in the bar waiting for the next payment.

The Lesson of Chaim Potok’s The Chosen :: Potok Chosen Essays

The Lesson of The Chosen The Chosen, written by Chaim Potok, is about two boys from different religious sects that become friends despite all of their conflicts. Danny and Reuven participated in a baseball game against each other and Danny smacked the ball directly into Reuven's face, shattered his glasses, and a piece of glass penetrated his eye. Danny went to visit him in the hospital but, before he could say anything, Reuven started screaming at Danny and commanded him to leave while Danny only wanted to say that he was sorry. When Reuven's eye healed, Danny went over to Reuven's house and they apologized and forgave each other. From then on Danny and Reuven help each other achieve their foremost important ambition in life. Reb Saunders poses an important question, "How can we raise ourselves above the dust?" which is the main theme in the novel. Danny searches for intellectual truth, Reb Saunders, Danny's father, tried to become as spiritual as possible while still on this earth, and Reuven desires to help other people. Danny Saunders yearned for more knowledge other then Talmud and wanted to raise his intellectuality higher then what he obtained in his isolated world. He learned Talmud most of the day and "After a while it gets a little boring"(69). The first time Danny met Reuven properly, Rueven was astonished because, " [Danny] recited about a third of [a] page [of Talmud] word for word, including the commentaries and the Maimonidean legal decisions of the Talmudic disputations. He did it coldly, mechanically, and, listening to him, [Reuven] had the feeling [he] was watching a sort of human machine at work"(69). He studies Talmud as if it were involuntary. Danny himself sometimes even "...gets the feeling we are all ants" because he has the same routine everyday, and learns Talmud over and over as if he was programmed. Also, ants do not do what they wish but are programmed and have natural instinct. This is beneficial in some ways, because if they all do the same thing their work pay s off. They are capable of building magnificent mounds that are amazing knowing that they are still ants and if it is destroyed they can speedily and sufficiently rebuild it exactly as it were before.

Athletes Essay -- Sports, High Salary

How much money does the average person really need to be able to eat three times a day, have a roof over their head, send their children to school and have a car? All this could be done on an income between $30,000 and $40,000 easily. But somehow it was decided that people who labour harder than most, city workers, janitors and factory workers, would be paid less than someone who sits behind a desk all day or someone who plays a game for a living. Today athletes are the highest paid people in the country, with the exception of Donald Trump and his toupee. It is ridiculous to believe that someone is really worth hundreds of millions of dollars, and all they have to do is play a sport that millions of people would play for free if given the chance. Therefore, I strongly believe that professional athletes are overpaid due to several reasons. Schingle stated that personal athletes get paid what the market will bear (2008). If attendance at sporting events were to decrease, or advertising dollars were to dry up, they would start getting paid less (Schingle 2008). Since professional sports are a form of entertainment, Schingle said that in America, people pay for their entertainers dearly (2008). Moreover, Schingle compared sports with other field which is Hollywood where he stated that actors are also overpaid in their industry (2008). Bate stressed that most people are jealous that they keep complaining about athlete’s pays (2008). Some people claimed that they pay the athlete’s wages through the ticket money but they did not realize that the endless demand for the tickets and the thirst for the game is what created the high wages (Bate 2008). An athlete has to sacrifice a lot to reach the top of his profession which is being a pr... ... in Africa who are dying from hunger (2008). On top of that, the money can be used for other beneficial things such as increase the salary of doctors, engineers, low paid factory workers working 12 hours a day and make this world a better place to live in (Wadhwa 2008). Lastly, Wadhwa stressed that athletes entertain us but they do not save lives or make this world a better place to live, like doctors and other workers who spend the whole life time just earning enough to survive (Wadhwa 2008). In conclusion, the reason that the athletes are overpaid because of the market demand is not acceptable because the individual’s greed, the owner’s greed and the fact that sports are only for entertainment make it clear that athletes are overpaid for no beneficial reasons. The government should control the flow of money and use it for the development of the country.

Synopsis on Customer Relationship Management

G. PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 2012-2013 SYNOPSIS REPORT On A STUDY ON CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT WITH REFERENCE TO M. S. A. MOTORS, KURNOOL Submitted by C. VENKATA NAGA SINDOOR Roll no: 11AT1E0052 Under the guidance of K. NAGAIAH, MBA Assistant Professor. INDEX| 1. | Introduction| | 2. | Objectives of the Study| | 3. | Need for the Study| | 4. | Scope of the Study| | 5. | Research * Source of data * Procedure of sample size| | 6. | Limitation of the Study| | 7. Company details| | Synopsis Approval Letter This is to certify that Mr. C. Venkata Naga Sindoor, Reg. No 11AT1E0052 submitted the synopsis report entitled â€Å"A Study on Customer Relationship Management with reference to M. S. A. Motors, Kurnool in fulfillment for the award of Master of Business Administration to G. Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology is a record of bonafide work carried out by him under my guidance and supervision. Signature of t he Guide Signature of the HOD IntroductionRelationship building with customers is now accepted as over-riding goal of marketing and of the business as a whole. In service industries, the goal is especially emphasized since a repeat customer is believed to cost merely a fraction of what needs to be spent in servicing a new customer is service transaction. It is believed that relationships flourish when marketers play the book, meet customers. core expectations and exceed in respect of other features of their total offering. Service firms have been the pioneers in adopting the practice of Customer Relationship Management practices.Indian banking industry has witnessed rapid development in recent past with the initiation of financial sector reforms. The thrust of financial sector reforms was to improve efficiency, competitiveness and productivity of the financial system. The entry of new generation private sector banks which provided technology aided services like Internet banking, Mob ile banking, Inter Branch network, etc. , has electrified the banking environment in India and has added a new dimensions to automation in Indian banking. Customer Relationship Management is a vital factor to improve the performance of the banks.Most of the banks in India are now turning to CRM as they are increasingly realizing that the cost of acquiring new customers is for higher than the cost of retaining existing customers. This quest has led to the implementation of CRM in banks. The concept of CRM is in the initial stage of implementation in banks, as getting the CRM philosophy work in a bank is quite complex as well as a challenging task for, its implementation is based on certain key principles, namely, ?The banks must realize that all customers are not equal; Customer profitability varies from person to person; ?Not all customers are evenly desirable for the banks; ?The banks must differentiate their customers based on the „Value Criteria; ?Value is the profit that t he customer adds to the bank account; and ?A more profitable customer is a „High Value customer and a less profitable customer is a „Low Value customer. Changing perception of customer The perception of a customer has drastically changed. Peter Drucker said twenty-five years ago, that the purpose of a business wads to attract and retain a customer.There has been a phenomenal change and paradigm shift towards customer focus during the past five decades in the Indian context, ?1961-1970 Servicing the Customer, ?1971-1980 Satisfying the Customer, ?1981-1990 Pleasing the Customer, ?1991-2000 Delighting the Customer, ?2001 and beyond Relating the Customer. Today, the customer relationship between the banker and customer has come under the sharp focus both the customers? ends. 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY * To identify various services offered by MSA motors to consolidate their CRM strategies. To study the customer perception on factors influencing Customer Relationship Manageme nt in MSA motors * To classify the customers opinion on initial strategies, maintenance strategies, technology, service satisfaction and impact of CRM. * To ascertain the perception of show room executives on various aspects of CRM. 3. Need for the study As lifestyles change people begin to have more experiences in banking. There are two consequences of this 1) Customers have different feelings about services provided for them by Show rooms 2)Customers develop higher expectations for their Buying experience. . Scope of the study Scope of this study is it will assist MSA motors to get its own customer relationship management system mirror well and it will get all the important things before eyes to apply all the possible ways to provide a superb service to the customers and accordingly make them loyal and retain them long lasting and also to get new customers to be served. Scopes can be stated in few points as follows * Maintain current/ existing customers. * Achieve new potential cu stomers. * Retain all the customers * Profitability increment Reputation and credibility increment, etc. , 5. Research Methodology Source of the Data: Primary Data 1. Primary data are always original as it is collected by the investigator. 2. Suitability of the primary data will be positive because it has been systematically collected. 3. Primary data are expensive and time consuming. 4. Extra precautions are not required. 5. Primary data are in the shape of raw material. 6. Possibility of personal prejudice. Primary data is collected from interview and questionnaire in this study. Secondary dataSecondary  data, is data collected by someone other than the user. Common sources of secondary data for  social science  include  censuses, organizational records and data collected through qualitative methodologies or  qualitative research. Primary data, by contrast, are collected by the investigator conducting the research. Secondary data analysis saves time that would otherwise be spent collecting data and, particularly in the case of  quantitative data, provides larger and higher-quality  databases  that would be unfeasible for any individual researcher to collect on their own.In addition, analysts of social and economic change consider secondary data essential, since it is impossible to conduct a new survey that can adequately capture past change and or developments. Secondary data is collected from company, newspapers, journals, websites, and from library books. 6. Limitations of the Study * The response from the customer may be biased * Since the sample size is limited, it may lead to the partial true factor about the research. * The information obtained or the collection of data is limited. Due to time constraint the study is restrict to Kurnool onlyCOMPANY DETAILS Maruti Suzuki India Limited (MSIL, formerly known as Maruti Udyog Limited) is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation, Japan. MSIL has been producing cars in India since 1983. Maruti ’s revenues totaled approximately 73. 3 billion rupees in 2009-2010. It’s operating profit as of 2009-2010 is 75 billion rupees while its net profit comes to 6. 8 billion rupees. The company has two manufacturing facilities located at Gurgaon and Manesar, south of New Delhi, India, which have an annual combined capability to produce over a 12 lakh (12, 00,000) passenger car units.The company is planning to invest 17 billion rupees in the Manesar plant. Maruti is known for its hatchback cars, especially the Maruti 800. Other popular hatchback models include the Maruti Zen and the Alto. It offers fourteen brands and over one hundred and fifty variants – Maruti 800, Omni, Eeco, Alto, Alto-K10, A-star, WagonR, Swift, Ritz and Estilo, Gypsy, SUV Grand Vitara, sedans SX4 and Swift DZire. Maruti Suzuki introduced factory fitted CNG option on 5 models across vehicle segments. These include Eeco, Alto, Estilo, Wagon R and Sx4.Maruti Suzuki has an employee strength over 7 ,600 (as at end March 2010). In 2009-10, the company sold a record 10,18,365 units including 1,47,575 units which we exported primarily to Europe, the remaining 870,790 sold in India. In the third quarter of 2009-2010, the company sold 258, 026 units. Thus, in March 2010, Maruti Suzuki had a India market share of 53. 3 per cent of the Indian passenger car market of 16,33,752 passenger car units. Maruti Suzuki will be investing around Rs. 1,250 crore (Rs 12. 5 billion) on capacity expansion of the K-series engines between 2010 and 2012.The expanded annual capacity will be over 7 lakh units from the present 5 lakh units of K-series engine cars. This will be a progressive investment to be completed by 2012. It has a sales network is 802 centers in 555 towns and cities across India. The customer service support network comprises of 2,740 workshops in over 1,335 towns and cities. In 2008, Maruti Suzuki India Limited, unveiled a National Road Safety Mission under which it would train 500, 000 people in safe driving in 3 years at 61 Maruti Driving Schools and 4 Institutes of Driving Training and Research (IDTR) in Delhi, Dehradun and Vadodara. HISTORYIn 1981, Maruti was launched. The company was started by the Government of India and was initially called Maruti Technical Services Private Limited. The first Managing Director of the company was Sanjay Gandhi, late-Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s son. During the period of 1985 to 1996, a few other significant developments took place including Suzuki taking up 50% stake in Maruti, leading to a 50-50 joint venture between Maruti and the Government of India and over 60 per cent of its parts being produced in India leading to lower costs of production as the parts didn’t have to be imported from abroad.When asked why Suzuki was chosen as the partner of this established corporation, the chairman of Maruti, Mr. R. C Bhargava said that the company went to Japan and none of the companies out of Nissan, Mitsub ishi and Daihatsu were ready to bring 40 per cent equity in India. Suzuki was the only company which agreed to bring 26 per cent equity in India and raise it to 40 per cent thereafter. The first car that the company produced was a four-door Maruti 800 and the second car that the company produced was a Multi-Utility Vehicle called the Omni. Between 1994 and 1996 Maruti released the Esteem, the Gypsy, the Omni, the Gypsy King, Zen and Esteem.It also opened a second plant in Manesar whose capacity at the time of opening was 2,00,000 units. In 2000 Maruti launched a call center. This was the first time a car company had ever launched a call center in India. In this year, Maruti setup a website for its Wagon-R car, introduced a new model of the Zen, got the IRTE National Award for its safety initiative, traffic management and environment protection, launched the Baleno and the Wagon R with electric power steering, joined hands with Sumitomo for providing after-sales service and introduce d the Suzuki Alto. The Gurgaon plant had stopped production due to a strike by the employees.Maruti introduced its first CNG car in 2001. In the same year Maruti invested 550 crore rupees in manufacturing cars. In 2002, Maruti launched Maruti Finance to offer financial services like extended warranty and finance for car insurance. It also hiked its car prices and launched the Versa. This was a good year for Maruti in exports as it produced 16,000 cars for an order to Europe. In the next few years Maruti got into collaboration with various companies to launch car-selling schemes. They partnered with State Bank of India to launch a scheme where each branch of the bank would sell a Maruti car.The company also tied-up with Reliance Industries Limited for lease and fleet management. This was the same year Kumar Mangalam Birla joined Maruti as an independent director. From 2005 – 2007 Maruti became the market leader of Indian cars and in 2006 unveiled the new Wagon-R in Punjab. In 2007, Maruti launched the SX4 sedan. TECHNOLOGY Maruti Suzuki uses an innovative Compressed Natural Gas technology – the Intelligent Gas Port Injection (iGPI) on five of its models – the SX4, Eeco, WagonR, Estilo and Alto. The iGPI technology delivers more power and runs like a petrol-filled engine while achieving fuel-efficiency.The iGPI technology uses injectors for each cylinder and a particular amount of CNG is injection in the engine through gas ports. The Engine Control Unit controls the amount of CNG needed for each ride. Two components used by Maruti in cars such as the Maruti Omni to help increase fuel economy are the crankshaft sensor and knock sensor. They control the ignition timing and fuel injection. The crank shaft is a part of the car’s engine that translates its linear motion into rotation. The sensor is part of the internal combustion engine which monitors the position and rotational speed of the crankshaft.The knock sensor is a part thatâ€⠄¢s linked to the car’s engine-when the car’s engine is not working it knocks on it and usually you hear the knocking sound. The knock sensor will send a signal to the Powercontrol Car Module (PCM). The Maruti Swift has a Direct Diesel Injection System engine. This engine has efficient combustion, higher torque and cleaner emissions. It is an extremely light engine and has a 75 bhp, 190 Nm of torque capacity. It has a five-step multi-injection technology that makes the car run more smoothly than other cars.It also has a Double Over Head Camshaft that gives the engine a quick run. It also has a Chain Drive Timing System. This engine is way better than the Maruti 800 engine which has a Single Over Head Camshaft and only two valves per cylinder while the Swift has sixteen-valve cylinder. The Maruti Suzuki SX4 has a Variable Valve Timing engine. According to the company, they will use K-Series engines in all car models. India’s largest car manufacturer Maruti Suzuki decided to implement the K-series petrol engine in all the models for at least five years according to a company report.The K-Series engine is a straight four cylinder engine that comes in Single Overhead Camshaft and Double Overhead Camshaft variants. This engine will be made in the Maruti Manesar plant in Haryana for the A-Star car which is produced in India and sold in Europe. The K-Series engine is Euro 4 and Euro 5 compliant and is the most advanced of engines. The engine has a CO2 emission of 109 gm/km and plans to reduce it further. The engine is extremely fuel efficient. ————————————————- Awards & RecognitionAs one of the top Indian brands of cars, Maruti Suzuki has won many national and international awards since it began production. Some of the major accomplishments of Maruti are listed below: 1. Maruti Suzuki Alto received the TNS Voice of Customer Award in 200 8. TNS Global is a market research firm. In the same year Maruti received the CNBC-Autocar India Award in the category Best Value for Money Car for the SX4. It also received the CNBC-Autocar India Best Mid Size Car Award and the CNBC-Autocar India Car of the Viewers’ Choice Award for the SX4.Maruti Suzuki India Limited received The Car Manufacturer of the Year Award in 2008. 2. In 2009, Maruti won the JD Power Asia Pacific Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) Survey award, the JD Power Asia Pacific Sales Satisfaction Index (SSI) Survey award, the Most Preferred Car Brand Award at CNBC AWAAZ Consumer Award, the Golden Peacock Eco-Innovation Award, and the Gold-Award by India Manufacturing Excellence Awards (IMEA). 3. In 2010, Maruti won the CNBC-TV18 Overdrive Manufacturer of the Year Award and the Autocar Manufacturer of the Year Award. 4.Alto’s â€Å"Boondon Mein† campaign won the Silver medal of the prestigious â€Å"Effie Award† in 2006 and 2007. 5. Alto won the â€Å"Car of the Year† and â€Å"Most Exciting New Car of the Year† by India’s automobile magazine in 2000. Some of the international awards that Maruti has won include the following: 1. Japan – It won the Car of the Year award by the Automotive Researchers' ; Journalists' Conference, the 2005-2006 Car of the Year, the Goof Design Award by Japan Industrial Design Promotion Organization and the 2005-2006 Carview of the Year Award. 2.Iceland & Ireland – Maruti Suzuki won the Car of the Year 2006 given out by the BIBD Association of Automotive Journalists, the Samperit Irish Car of the Year 2006 given out by the Irish Motoring Writer’s Association. 3. New Zealand and Australia – Maruti won the Fairfax AMI Small Car of the Year Award by Autocar, the National Business Review Small Car of the Year Award by The National Business Review and the 2005 Carsguide Car of the Year. 4. Malaysia – Maruti Swift was the winner in the NST Mastercard Car of the Year 2005 â€Å"Small Car† category. 5.China – Maruti Swift won the 2005 CTV COTY â€Å"Economical Car† by CCTV. ————————————————- International Operations Maruti Suzuki is a global company with over 8,500 employees engaged in sales, customer service, manufacturing, and distribution in many countries across the world. It is partly owned by the government of India and partly owned by the Japanese company, Suzuki Motor Corporation. Suzuki Motor Corporation, the parent company owns 54% of Maruti’s shares. Maruti’s cars are of European style but custom-made to cater to the local markets.Maruti Suzuki has launched the Grand Vitara, SX4 and the Swift as part of the worldwide strategy. Maruti Suzuki not only provides hatchbacks, mid and small level cars but also luxury cars. Maruti Suzuki has also launched another concept car called Kizashi which was showcased in the Frankfurt Motor Show and is now available in India. The Grand Vitara, which is an SUV and Kizashi, which is a sports sedan are imported from Japan as completely built units(CBU). Maruti Suzuki is sold in China by Jiangnan Auto. The company has launched the car at Rs. 1. 24 lakhs.Four companies that produced the Maruti 800 in China are: Chang’an Auto, Jiang Nan, Xi’an Tai and Sichuan Auto Maruti Suzuki also has office in Japan. Indian engineers sometimes travel to Japan to work on Maruti cars and Japanese engineers sometimes travel to India to provide their expertise for Maruti Suzuki. ————————————————- Exports Maruti Suzuki exports entry-level models across the globe to over 100 countries and the focus has been on identifying new markets. The company exports to the United Kingdom, Italy, Hungary, Netherlands, Germ any, Latin America, Africa, Philippines and Indonesia.Along with these countries, Maruti also sells its cars to Algeria, Chile, Sri Lanka and Nepal. The company exported 38,000 passenger cars in 2006-2007, around 6. 4 per cent of its total sales. The car that contributes most to Maruti’s export income is the A-Star model. In 2007, Maruti got an export order of 11,000 units of the Zen Estilo to Indonesia and 1,500 units of the Maruti Alto to the Philippines, become the initial car manufacturer to export to South East Asia. Maruti crossed the cumulative half-a-million export mark in February 2008, becoming the first Indian car company to export half-a-million units.Maruti has tied up with the Mundra post for development of port facilities for export shipments through Pune Car Carriers. Maruti started exporting cars from this post in January 2009. Moving to international markets, Maruti has large export volumes to Latin America and the lesser-developed region of Africa. Marutiâ €™s exports have increased by 60% over the years at these two locations. In 2008, in a joint venture between Maruti Suzuki, Mundra Port and the Special Economic Zone, the company exported 1,00,000 units of the A-Star from the Mundra Port.Even though the company exports to all five continents, Europe makes up 56 per cent of Maruti’s cumulative exports as of February 2011, making it the single largest source of export income for the company. The sales figures for the continent of Europe as of February 2011, by country are given below: – Netherlands – 67,700 units – Italy – 41,000 units – United Kingdom – 34,000 units – Germany – 20,000 units – Hungary – 20,000 units ————————————————- Future Plans On May 11, 2011, Maruti announced its plans to design new car models at its Rohtak Plant in India.Th e new car models will be crafted for the next four years for the Indian and International Market. Maruti is experimenting with new car models in an effort to stay ahead of its competition and will be responsible for 25 per cent of Suzuki, its parent company’s, revenues. In the financial year 2010-2011 Maruti Suzuki reported a net sales figure of 37,522 crore rupees. Maruti will invest in a new plant in Gujarat which will produce 6 million units a year which is being done in an effort to make the company the leader in the car market. The company is having a look at different plants as shown by the Government of India.In another effort, Maruti will introduce four new cars in the Indian market: The mass-market hatchback, a utility vehicle, a new and improved Swift, and a unique SX4. The company plans to release the design of the YE3, the hatchback by June-July 2011 while the car will actually be shown in the Auto Expo 2012. The company plans to design the YE3 without any involve ment of Suzuki which is a major feat since most of its cars have been designed in collaboration with Suzuki in the past. The YE3 will be a four-door, four seat hatchback and will be available in a 600-800cc engine and a five speed manual transmission.The company also plans to launch the Maruti R3 under a different name. The Maruti R3 is a Multi-Utility Vehicle that will come in a Rs. 7 lakhs – Rs. 9 lakhs ex-showroom price and is a six-seater compact van strapped with three rows of seats and rear-hinged rear doors. The car will come in both 1. 2 litre K-Series engines and a 1. 6 litre Variable Valve Timing engine, each of which have been present in the popular models of Swift and SX4. The R3 will compare to an Innova. The company plans to sell it in emerging markets. It will be showcased in the Auto Expo 2012.The company plans to get a diesel engine for the car from Volkswagen. The third new model of Maruti, the new Swift will be launched by July 2011 will a 1. 3 litre multi- jet diesel engine and a 1. 2 litre K-Series engine. The new Swift fall in the Rs. 3. 5 – 5. 5 lakhs bracket depending on the model and approximately 17,000 units will be produced each year. Along with coming up with new cars and new plants, Maruti is also expanding its transportation capacity. The company has forged partnerships for this with the Adani group to set up a mega car terminal at the Mundra port.

Muslim views on medical and sexual questions Essay

Trans cozys atomic number 18 plurality who believe that their creative thinker is trapped within the body of psyche who is of the opposite sex. umpteen of them who atomic number 18 unable(p) to have the necessary sex harmonium change operation end up committing suicide. However in the terms of sharia law, it is non allowed for men and women to change their sexuality to the opposite sex. If one and only(a) goes against the sharia law, consequently he/she will be violating the commandments of the Quran and Hadith.The sharia has also gone to the extent where women ar not allowed to dress as men, and men are not allowed to dress as women. It is noted in an Hadith that visionary Muhammed (pbuh) cursed those men who imitated women and those men who imitated women. If one was to undergo a sex change, wherefore he/she will be fixture the natural features and organs that Allah had blessed them with.Many perseverings have problems with their sex lives, so they look the he lp of a relate or in much(prenominal) cases, they are recommended to go to sex counselling sessions. However it is not allowed for Muslim physicians to engage such conversations. If a husband and wife had problems in their sexual lives, whence they would consult a desexualize of their own sex. They should so give a broad bulge outline of their problem and not go into such detail. The Muslim doctor would not be allowed to find out such hard-core details or show the patient videos that demonstrate such sexual feigns.However during sexual therapy lessons, intelligible video films which demonstrate such explicit acts may be shown to the patient. It is totally against the Shariah Law for the patient to watch such explicit acts.Some people bow advantage of mentally retarded people by having sex with them. So in order to reduce the chance of them move pregnant, they rump be sterilized. This is ca pulmonary tuberculosis delinquent to their mental state, they would be unable to dispense for the child. Methods of contraception such as the use of pills can be used rather of using the method of sterilisation as it would mean that all chances of a prospective hope of pregnancy will be lost.It is not allowed for the mental patient to be castrated but euphony can be administrated which would suppress their sexual urges.late(a) studies show that homosexuality is genetically inclined. In Islam, homosexuality is forbidden so it is however a plot from Shaytaan whos heraldic bearing is to make homosexuality more agreeable in our society. The main duty of a Muslim psychiatrist is dissuade his/her patient from indulging in such haram acts. The act of homosexuality has been condemned in the Quran and Hadith.Brain-stem expiration is accepted in the field of medicine as doctors have been entrusted in collateral that a mortal is dead. In Islam, a person is only considered dead when his someone has left its body. The body then becomes frore and stiff. If left f or a long peak of time, then the body begins to decompose. If these signs are visible, then the person is considered to be dead in terms of the Shariah. If these signs are not visible, then the person is not considered to be dead.In this case, whether a brain-stem dead person is dead or not is not relevant. In either case, the persons organs are not allowed to be removed from the body. The organs and limbs of a deceased person belongs to Allah, so the person has no right in deciding as to whom his organs are donated to. If a fellow human is death and the only option of survival is of alimentation another(prenominal) humans limb and another human gladly offers the too, it will not be allowed.