Wednesday, August 26, 2020

The Scarlet Letter Essay Research Paper A free essay sample

The Scarlet Letter Essay, Research Paper A Critical Analysis of Hester Prynne The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne was written in 1849. This new won him much big name and a decent notoriety as a creator. In creating The Scarlet Letter, Hawethorne was making a signifier of fiction he called the mental relationship. A mental relationship is a story that contains the entirety of the regular goods of a commonplace relationship, yet significantly depicts universes in battle with themselves. The Scarlet Letter won Hawthorne extraordinary basic acclaim, and even today the book stays on the best advertiser list. The Scarlet Letter is so famous perhaps in light of the fact that coevalss of perusers can interpret it and see subtle significances that somewhat mirror their ain lives. Every one of us, has goodness like Hester Prynne, cowardliness like Dimmesdale, and even a little impropriety like Chillingworth. My preferred character in this book was Hester Prynne in light of the fact that even intense she has done mistaken, she stays upbeat, strong, and rational. In the undermentioned article I plan to fundamentally investigate the novel # 8217 ; s supporter, Hester Prynne. Hester Prynne is a youthful grown-up female who was sent to the settlements by her hubby, who intends to fall in her later yet is assumed lost adrift. She is an image of the aknowledged scalawag ; a person Alexander, 2 whose evil has been perceived however has looked for contrition. Hester is the open wrongdoer who shows the result of her punishment on her human instinct. She is viewed as a fallen grown-up female according to the humble community individuals. Over the seven mature ages of her punishment Hester # 8217 ; s inside fight with her fiendishness adjustments from a survivor of Puritanical assessment to being a shrewd grown-up female who is in tune with human instinct. At the point when she meets Dimmesdale in the wood in Chapter 18, Hawthorne says, # 8220 ; The tendency of her fate and fates had been to put her free. The vermilion note was her identification into parts where other grown-up females challenged non track. # 8221 ; What is generally remarkeable about Hester Prynne is her quality of character. Her inside quality and honestness and her empathy to other people, even 1s that have censured her is what is brought to the peruser # 8217 ; s going to all through the novel. Toward the start of the new Hester is depicted as a radiating wonder, in any case seven mature ages therefore her excellence is gone and the lovely hair that she one time had is covered up underneath a top that she wears. In Chapter 13, she expels the top and the message # 8220 ; A # 8221 ; and she turns into the wonderful person that she was before her punishment. I believe this is emblematic in that when she evacuates her top and message she removing the harsh development of Puritan culture. At the point when Pearl requests that she set back on her top and note # 8220 ; her excellence, the warnth and bounty of her muliebrity, withdrew, as Alexander, 3 dissolving daylight ; and a dim shadow appeared to fall over her. # 8221 ; While her punishment adjusts her physical visual angle, it deeperly affects her character. In spite of the alone life that she drives Hester by one way or another finds an inside solidarity to withstand both the townsfolk and the nearby specialists. Hester # 8217 ; s quality is clear other than in covering with her hubby, Chillingworth and her sweetheart, Dimmesdale. This start of solidarity originates from recognizing her devilishness and covering with the impacts. She has nil however the quality of her soul to drag out her. This inside harmony that she has is perceived by the changing demeanor of the network when they start to accept of her non as a fornicator yet as a holy messenger of goodness. Hester was other than noteworthy. She straightforwardly recognizes her fiendishness and does non try to cover the letter from the townsfolk, yet wears it with sense of pride. By recognizing her evil she stays rational, despite the fact that her life had been hard and somewhat rancorous. At long last Hester turns into a holy messenger of sympathy and pardon who at last experiences a real existence as a figure of affectability in the network. She gets known for her magnanimous workss by helping the hapless and persevering. Her disgrace in herself by the assessments of others cause her to react to different casualties of society and of the universe. In cut the Puritan culture sees the note non as aiming criminal discussion, however as # 8220 ; blessed messenger # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; capable # 8221 ; . She being a casualty of the unpleasant society wherein she lived made her increasingly touchy Alexander, 4 to different casualties of society. Her affectability diverts her representative noteworthiness from a person whose life was initially unjust and of an insidious nature to a grown-up female who is solid and touchy with a respect for dealing with individuals compassionate and with respect. In her closing mature ages # 8220 ; the vermilion note stopped to be a shame which pulled known to man # 8217 ; s disdain and hatred, and turned into a kind of something the universe distressed over, and viewed with wonderment, yet with dread as well. # 8221 ; Since her character is unequivocally attached to the vermilion letter, Hester speaks to the open scalawag who changes and gains from her ain distress to comprehend the humankind of others. Regularly when individuals endure an incredible misfortune in their lives or encounters that change their lives they become subsisters with an expanded trepidation and comprehension for the human losingss of others. I believe that Hester is such an image since she triumphed over disaster. She conflicted with society for the love of a grown-up male. Despite the fact that she was mistaken in executing adultry the affection that she had for Dimmesdale got through the obligations of her marriage to Chillingworth. In the terminal, Hester # 8217 ; s quality, honestness, and affectability convey her down the tract of life. While Dimmesdale kicks the bucket on the framework after his admission and Chillingworth bites the dust of his ain unpleasant contempt, she lives on processing a peaceful life in Colonial Boston. The vermilion note made her what she was and through her distress she turned into a more grounded individual and discovered harmony.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

AN OUTLINE AND CRITICAL ASSESSMENT FOR FINANCIAL ARTICLE 2 Essay

AN OUTLINE AND CRITICAL ASSESSMENT FOR FINANCIAL ARTICLE 2 - Essay Example Theme Statement and reason: To build up the extraordinary discouragements obligation collapse hypothesis factually and hypothetically. B. Proposition Statement Reaction 1. Exceptional ends new and significant II. Depiction of the article A. Uncommon ends 1. Cycle hypothesis 2. Obligation and collapse jobs 3. The 1929-33 collapse 4. Obligation starters B. Delineations 1. Diagrams III. Assessment A. association of the article B. style utilized in the article C. Viability of the work D. Point treatment E. suppositions of the writer about the crowd Critical Assessment The article entitled â€Å"The Debt-Deflation Theory of Great Depressions† wrote by Irving Fisher tries to introduce a hypothesis of obligation emptying of the incredible gloom in a measurable and hypothetical way. The paper makes determinations regarded as being exceptional, new, and significant and targets indicating what a portion of these ends are and furthermore fitting them in the finishes of different understu dies found in the field of financial aspects. The reason for the creator is to offer his work as typifying on the subject of cycle hypothesis. Fisher (1933: p 337) catches a response to the proposal by referencing the response remark of two of the best and most-read experts in financial aspects field. A standout amongst other read specialists portrayed the unique ends as being significant and new. The creator chooses the point structure in introducing the extraordinary ends. ... It is just in the brain or creative mind where the factors can just stay stable and be kept in parity or harmony by powers of interest and gracefully. Monetary hypothesis includes an investigation of dis-balance and nonexistent harmony. Dis-balance continues in either a genuine authentic case or any constituent propensity. The old persevering idea of business cycle being a basic and self producing cycle is a legend Innumerable propensities for monetary dis-balance generally characterized under pattern or development inclinations, aimless aggravations, and recurrent inclinations. Sorts of Cyclical inclinations incorporate one being constrained on financial system and the other is the free cycle The value level sickness and the obligation malady are viewed as the most significant causes in the blasts and dejections than the various causes. Over-hypothesis and over-venture are significant yet would have far less extreme outcomes if not directed utilizing acquired cash. 2. Obligation and collapse jobs Secondary factors influenced by emptying and obligation are coursing media, obligations, their flow speed, total assets, value levels, benefits, exchange, financing costs, and business certainty. Obligation liquidation prompts trouble selling and store money withdrawal causing a fall in value levels. Aside from the enthusiasm on obligations and obligation, different changes come to fruition because of abatement or fall in value Deflation happening for another explanation separated from obligation results to a considerably less shrewd Deflation brought about by obligation responds on the obligation 3 The 1929-33 emptying A case of obligation collapse sorrow Unless a neutralizing cause is gotten to forestall the diminishing in the value level, discouragements, for example, that

Wednesday, August 19, 2020

New Student Photo Series 2011 #25 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Series 2011 #25 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog More incoming student photos today . . . Stephanie Chang, incoming MIA Student La Bodeguita Del Medio, Havana, Cuba A bartender makes our mojitos, Hemmingways preferred drink, at this exact bar he famously frequented while living in Cuba, La Bodeguita Del Medio.   A portrait of Hemminway is on the wall behind the bartender.   This picture was taken this past March, when I was on a Spring Break trip to Cancun and we spontaneously decided to take a detour and see what Cuba actually looks like. Blue Mountains, Sydney, Australia This is the view from the top of The Three Sisters in the Blue Mountains of Sydney, Australia.   The Three Sisters are a set of three large rock formations.   You cant see the rocks in this photo, but they are just to the right of me.   The hike trail involves 900 steps, leading to a river at the bottom.   The view is definitely worth the climb! Santa Monica Pier, California This is my favorite destination to run to when I jog around my neighborhood.   Santa Monica Pier is usually packed with tourists, but the walk and bike paths are pretty serene in the mornings.   Ive had the luxury of traveling a lot in the past years, and for my last summer before I move to New York, Ive tried to spend as much time as I can relishing unique aspects I love about living in Los Angeles. Once I move to NYC I will most sorely miss the warm ocean breezes and and the ability to run freely outside in sunny weather! Holly Sue Hatfield, an incoming MPA-DP student. Lindon, UT:   I work for the Princess Festival an event that started as a fundraiser for the charity I work for, but has since become its own private business.   This is a picture from this years Kings Daddy-Daughter Grand Ball that we held in Lindon, UT.   The girl up front is a new princess character we created, Princess Mila, and shes doing a storytelling   for the girls.   Between the two Kings on the stage youll see His Excellency Elkanah Odembo, Ambassador of Kenya to the US.   Yes, the Ambassador comes to our princess parties, and yes, we make him sit on the stage.   grin   The Princess Festival only has two employees, but has over 350 volunteers that put on the annual event, including a cast of over 60 fairy-tale characters, both classic and new. Lindon, UT:   Im the youngest of 8 kids, and I have 44 nieces and nephews; 36 of them are under the age of ten and 38 of the grandkids are girls   (ergo the creation of the Princess Festival).   Its utter insanity.   When family gets together, though, theres one thing we can count on my 63 year-old dad giving his full attention to the kids.   Here he is playing volleyball with a bunch of 5 year-old girls who have no idea what volleyball is or how it is played so theyre all standing there cluelessly.   But if you look closely, youll see the best part of the picture: dads casually wearing a headband with cat ears.   Nobody knows why. Somewhere around Nakuru, Kenya Im kind of afraid of birds.   So at this rest-stop park in Kenya, my dad dared me to try and touch one of these crazy big birds.   You can see me in the red dress trying to sneak up on them; I never even get close (ha ha).   Im sure the Kenyans in the park were as intrigued with the muzungu girl tiptoeing around as I was with the creepy birds.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Alternate Outcome At Fort Ticonderoga - 874 Words

Alternate outcome at Fort Ticonderoga In order to come to an alternative outcome, one must first address the instructional letter sent from General Gage to General Carleton after the battles at Lexington and Concord. The letter took far too long to get to General Carleton. General Gage had credible human intelligence suggesting that the colonists wanted to take Fort Ticonderoga. While one understands that one must use the chain of command, one would think the immediacy of the letter was far more important and should have gone directly to Fort Ticonderoga, instead of the 10 – day long ride to Montreal. And even if that was not proper protocol, General Gage could have at least sent an advisor with knowledge of surveillance techniques to Fort Ticonderoga to aid in their post and give better forewarning of a potential attack. Secondly, had the British force at Fort Ticonderoga had cavalry scouts assigned to it, there would not have been much of an American Revolution. The cavalry scouts would have picked up the trail of Colonels Allen, Arnold, and the Green Mountain Boys. The Scouts could have performed reconnaissance and then reported back to the garrison commander, putting the whole fort on guard. Then the garrison commander could have contacted both the British sloop in Lake Champlain and the garrison at Fort Crown Point for further aid and reinforcements, beating back the patriot attacking force. Thirdly, with more troops at the fort, the British could have afforded a couple

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Strengthening Community - 624 Words

Strengthening Community There are numerous changes that challenge the community to adapt. These can arise from violence at home, and they can follow one person to their school and workplace. Furthermore, new forms of communication, such as social media, when used inappropriately, can negatively affect the community. However, I believe that it is possible for an individual to take action and intervene to help strengthen the community. Strengthening the community can be started at home, advancing to the school, workplace or to any other forms of community like churches and other social groups. Social media which is a powerful communication tool, if positively utilized, can also help strengthen the community. Strengthening a community can†¦show more content†¦These can alleviate social problems thereby resulting to a decent community where people would like to live. Social media, as previously mentioned can either have a positive or negative impact to the community. It is a wonderful resource for adults and children. It is used as an instant communication tool. Unfortunately, it can have a damaging effect to the community when use inappropriately. Back in the old days, bullying behavior occurs face-to-face. Now, with the advancement of technology, bullying can be done easily and instantly through the use of computer, cellphones and other electronic devices. People can share photos and videos through social media that can contain violence and sex creating a negative impact to the society, as kids and adult can involve themselves in crime related activities. However, when utilized by responsible people, social media can be used to educate and promote a peaceful, safe environment. People can also share news and information through social media which gives them awareness on what’s happening around them. In conclusion, an individual can adapt to the changes within the community and take action to strengthen it. It starts from home where parents can provide safe and positive environment to their children while teaching them discipline and responsibility. These will lead to a strong, good foundation that will help them withstand the negativeShow MoreRelatedBuilding And Strengthening Positive Relationships With Parents And The Community970 Words   |  4 Pagescampaign is to inform the community and parents of all the positive activities that occur within the Pocono Mountain School District. Building and strengthening positive relationships with parents and the community is an important aspect of school culture. This campaign will also build awareness of what educators do every day to meet the needs of the students and the community. There is one primary goal to PRIDE on Each Side: Promote the Positive. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Special Stains Laboratory Report Free Essays

Introduction Staining is a technique that is used to diagnose or study the morphology of abnormal cells such as cancerous cells by highlighting the structural components of a tissue (Bancroft and Gamble, 2008). Staining provides a contrast between different structures in a tissue specimen and allows its examination under a light microscope (Cook, 2006). Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) is a routine stain that is used to microscopically diagnose a vast majority of specimens in which the haematoxylin stains the nuclei, whereas the eosin is used to stain cytoplasm and other extracellular materials (Bancroft and Cook, 1995). We will write a custom essay sample on Special Stains Laboratory Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Slauson and Cooper (2002) special stains are histochemical stains that react with known substances in the tissue. Mohan (2005) explains that special stains are required in various circumstances, where the pathologist needs to demonstrate certain constituent of the cells or the tissue to confirm the diagnosis by etiologic, histogenic and pathogenic components. This technique is called special because they are not a routine stain that is performed on a tissue specimen, instead they are used in addition to HE stained sections (Bancroft and Gamble, 2008). Special stains can identify the presence and abundance of any specific class of molecules in a tissue specimen for example periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction is used to identify carbohydrate substances such as glycogen (Slauson and Cooper, 2002). Other examples include Toluidine blue stain which is used to stain mast cell granules, Perl’s stain demonstrates iron in haemochromatosis, Ziehl-Neelsen stains mycobacteri a and Giemsa staining is used to identify Helicobacter Pylori and Giardia organisms (Slauson and Cooper, 2002 and Bass et al., 2005) Masson’s trichrome (MT) and Congo red are the two main special staining methods used in pathology laboratories. Connective tissues consist of cells such as collagen fibres, elastic fibres, and glycosaminoglycans that are scattered within an extracellular matrix (Starr et al., 2011). These cells are distinguished by using a combination of dyes to stain different structures in various different colours (Starr et al., 2011). Masson’s trichrome is used to express collagen in tissues and involves staining with three different sized dyes to stain three diverse tissue densities (Cook, 2006). MT staining produces three distinct colours as the name suggests; nuclei and other basophilic structures are stained black with iron hematoxylin; collagen is stained green or blue depending on aniline light green or aniline blue; and cytoplasm, muscle, erythrocytes and keratin are stained bright red with Biebrich scarlet stain (Young et al., 2006). Since erythrocytes are the densest as the y are packed with haemoglobin, and less porous tissues they are stained with the smallest dye molecule, the intermediate cytoplasm and muscles cells are stained by the intermediate sized dye and the collagen is stained with the biggest dye (Bancroft and Gamble, 2008). However, it has also been suggested that the acid dye which is the Biebrich Scarlet, first stains the tissue as it binds to its acidophilic elements (Carson, 2001). Subsequently, the tissue is treated with phosphomolybdic/phosphotungstic acids so that the less permeable components retain the red colour, whereas it is diffused out of the collagen fibers causing it to bind with the aniline blue or aniline light green (Bancroft and Gamble, 2008). Young et al., (2006) describes that in addition to the use MT stain in assessing the degree of fibrosis, it is also used to evaluate portal tract structures such as the bile ducts, arteries and veins in inflamed liver According to Romhanyi (1971) (cited in Bely, 2006) Congo red is a special stain that is highly specific and a sensitive method for early diagnosis and recognition of amyloidosis. Cook (2006) states that Congo red is used as the preferred method to identify amyloids in most laboratories on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue of patients with amyloidosis. Kiernan (2007) describes that amyloid is an intercellular material that varies in its composition and is deposited in tissues such as heart, muscle, kidneys, spleen, liver and brain, deposits differ in their composition. Rubin and Strayer (2008) explains that Congo red stain has a linear shaped molecule which helps it to bind to the ? pleated sheet structure of the amyloid through non-polar hydrogen bonds, giving it a red colour. Sen and Basdemir (2003) states that Congo red fluorescence (CRF) is another method that examines the amyloid deposits stained with Congo red under polarized light which shows a red-green birefringence a nd according to Rocken and Eriksson (2009) this is the gold standard for diagnosing amyloid. During this experiment special stain techniques were used to analyse specific tissue elements Aims To identify fibroids in uterine tissue section using Masson’s trichrome stain To identify amyloid in spleen tissue section using Congo red stain To discuss advantages of special stains To use special stains to identify important diagnostic features of the tissue To understand the mechanism used by special stains Method Masson’s Trichrome The formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded uterine tissue section was deparaffinized and rehydrated through 100% alcohol, 95% alcohol, and 70% alcohol. The section was washed in distilled water and then stained in Weigert’s iron hemotoxylin working solution for 10 minutes. It was then rinsed in running warm tap water for 10 minutes and then washed in distilled water. The next step was to stain the uterine tissue section in Biebrich scarlet-acid fuchsin solution for 15 minutes, and then it was washed using distilled water. It was then differentiated in phosphomolybdic – phosphotungstic solution for 15 minutes or until collagen was not red. The tissue section was then transferred directly (without rinsing) to aniline blue solution and stained for 5-10 minutes. Afterwards the tissue section was rinsed briefly in distilled water and differentiated in 1% acetic acid solution for 1 minute. It was then washed in distilled water and dehydrated very quickly through 95% ethyl alco hol, absolute ethyl alcohol (to wipe off Biebrich scarlet-acid fuschin staining) and then cleared in xylene. The section was then mounted with resinous mounting medium. Finally the slide was examined under the light microscope. Congo Red The spleen tissue section was deparaffinized and hydrated to distilled water. The section was then stained in Congo red working solution for 10 minutes and rinsed in distilled water. It was then quickly differentiated (5-10 dips) in alkaline alcohol solution and rinsed in tap water. The section was then counterstained in Gill’s haematoxylin for 10 seconds and rinsed in tap water for 2 minutes. Following that, the section was dipped in ammonia water (made by adding a few drops of ammonium hydroxide to tap water and mixing it well) for 30 seconds or until the sections had turned blue. It was then rinsed in tap water for another 5 minutes and dehydrated through 95% alcohol, and 100% alcohol. The section was cleared in xylene and mounted with mounting medium. The slide was then examined under a light microscope. Fig 1: Normal uterine tissue stained with Masson’s trichrome viewed under 10 x 10 microscopic magnification Fig 2: Fibroid uterine tissue stained with Masson’s trichrome viewed under 10 x 10 microscopic magnification The microscopic slide (Fig. 1) shows a normal uterus tissue that was stained with Masson’s trichrome, which showed the nuclei stained black, smooth muscle stained red and the collagen fibres stained blue. Figure 2 shows a uterus tissue specimen stained with Masson’s trichrome that revealed excessive amount of collagen stained in blue, smooth muscle stained red and nuclei stained black. Fig 3: Spleen tissue stained with Congo red showing amyloid deposits under 10?10 microscopic magnification Fig. 4 Spleen tissue stained with Congo red adapted from Stevens and Lowe, (2000) Discussion Norwitz and Schorge (2006) states that fibroids also referred to as Leiomyomata, are benign tumours of the myometirum of the uterus that is mainly composed of smooth muscle and extracellular fibrous material such as the collagen, Fibroids do not invade surrounding tissues or organs and they can occur in different locations within the uterus (Lark, 1996). The symptoms include heavy periods, frequent urination, constipation, bloating and backache (Tulandi, 2003) Masson’s trichrome was used to stain the uterus tissue (Fig. 1) which showed the collagen stained in blue, smooth muscle and erythrocytes stained red and the nuclei appeared black. MT stain revealed that the normal uterus tissue (Fig. 1) had a small amount of collagen present whereas the other uterus tissue (Fig. 2) showed an elevated amount of collagen stained in blue which suggested fibrosis. MT is an advantageous technique in medicine as it allows comparing the degree of fibrosis before and after the treatment biopsies to show if the treatment has been effective and successful. It is a routine stain for kidney and liver biopsies and this can be used on paraffin fixed sections as well as on frozen sections. Kambic et al., (1986) describes that there are different types of collagen and their organization is better shown using Sirius red with polarized light. Sirius red is a hydrophilic dye, in which type I collagen appears orange or red whereas type III collagen appears green (Kumar, 2005). Congo red was used to stain a spleen tissue section where figure 3 showed amyloid deposits in pink and nuclei in blue. Fig. 4 revealed a high amount of amyloid deposits in pink which suggested amyloidosis that is the disorder caused by abnormal deposition of intracellular or extracellular insoluble amyloid which changes the normal tissue function (Stevens and Lowe, 2000). Special stains is an important tool for pathologists as it allows to the microscopically view and identify cells, tissues and microorganisms, providing an alternative to immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and various other diagnostic techniques. References Bancroft, J. D. Gamble, M. (2008). ‘Theory and practice of histological techniques’. [Online]. (6th ed). Philadelphia, PA : Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Dhn2KispfdQCprintsec=frontcoverdq=Theory+and+practice+of+histological+techniqueshl=enei=ifGETZKEPcWwhAfSvPW_BAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=false. [Accessed 7th March 2011]. Bancroft. J. D. Cook, H. C. (1995). ‘Manual of histological techniques and their diagnostic application’. Edinburgh [u.a.] : Churchill Livingstone. Bass, P., Burroughs, S. Way, C. (2005). ‘Systematic pathology : a clinically-orientated core text with self assessment’. Edinburgh : Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. Bely, M. (2006). ‘Histochemical differential diagnosis and polarization optical analysis of amyloid and amyloidosis’ TheScientificWorldJournal. 6, p.154-168. Carson, F. L. (2001). ‘Histotechnology : a self-instructional text’. (2nd ed). Chicago : ASCP Press. Cook, D. J. (2006). ‘Cellular pathology : introduction to techniques and applications’. (2nd ed). Bloxham: Scion Publishing Limited. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1440-1827.2003.01513.x/abstract Kiernan, J. A. (2007). ‘Histological and histochemical methods’. (4th ed). Cold Spring Harbor (N.Y.) : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Mohan, H. (2005). ‘Essential pathology for dental students’. [online]. (3rd ed). New Delhi : Jaypee Brothers. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HmkTtLyxXF8Cprintsec=frontcoverdq=essential+pathology+for+dental+studentshl=enei=xRCCTaiHMs24hAezp6G8BAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=bookthumbnailresnum=1ved=0CDAQ6wEwAA#v=onepageqf=false. [Accessed: 11th March 2011]. Odze, R. D. Goldblum, J. R. (2009). ‘Surgical pathology of the GI tract, liver, biliary tract and pancreas’. [Online]. (2nd ed). Philadelphia, PA : Saunders/Elsevier. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8ITX093f1j0Cpg=PA1143dq=Masson%27s+trichrome+staining+in+liverhl=enei=OB2GTYuVLYuqhAfJ_6m8BAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailresnum=2ved=0CDgQ6wEwAQ#v=onepageq=Masson%27s%20trichrome%20staining%20in%20liverf=false. [Assessed 16th March 2011] Rocken, C. Eriksson, M. (2009). ‘Amyloid and amyloidoses’ Der Pathologe. 30, (3), p.182-192. Rubin, R. Strayer, D. S. (2008). ‘Rubin’s Pathology : clinicopathologic foundations of medicine’. [Online]. (5th ed). Philadelphia [u.a.] : Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kD9VZ267wDECpg=PA990dq=mechanism+of+congo+red+stainhl=enei=ADGFTcSQDZGJhQf-n5iuBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailresnum=4ved=0CEUQ6wEwAw#v=onepageq=mechanism%20of%20congo%20red%20stainf=false. [Assessed 7th March 2011]. Sen, S. Basdemir, G. (2003). ‘Diagnosis of renal amyloidosis using Congo red fluorescence’ Pathology international. 53, (8), p.534-538. Slauson, D. O. Cooper, B. J. (2002). ‘Mechanisms of disease : a textbook of comparative general pathology’. [Online]. (3rd ed). St. Louis, MO. [u.a.] : Mosby. Available from : http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vRhtM0UMUh4Cpg=PA5dq=special+stainshl=enei=-vSETaMeqJKEB83RwccEsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailresnum=1ved=0CCoQ6wEwADgK#v=onepageq=special%20stainsf=false. [Accessed 4th March 2011]. Young B., Lowe, J. S, Stevens, A. Heath, J. W. (2006). ‘Wheater’s functional histology : a text and colour atlas’. (5th ed). Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone Tulandi, T. (2003). ‘Uterine fibroids : embolization and other treatments’. [Online]. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fZ8eha5yIfcCprintsec=frontcoverdq=fibroidshl=enei=oyOGTfnfMJGGhQeY_92_BAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailresnum=7ved=0CGAQ6wEwBg#v=onepageqf=false. [Assessed 15th March 2011]. Stevens, A. Lowe, J. (2000). ‘Pathology’. (2nd ed). Edinburgh [u. a.] : Mosby Starr, C., Evers, C. A. Starr, L. (2011). ‘Biology : concept and applications’. [Online]. (8th ed). United States : Cengage Learning. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_16xbB2Py_UCpg=PA454dq=connective+tissuehl=enei=zYeITdaEAsywhAf61cm6Dgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailresnum=10ved=0CFYQ6wEwCTgK#v=onepageq=connective%20tissuef=false. [Assessed 8th March 2011]. Lark, S. M. (1996). ‘Natural treatment of fibroid tumors and endometriosis : effective natural solutions for relieving the heavy bleeding, cramps and infertility that accompany these common female problems’. New Canaan, Conn : Keats Pub. Norwitz, E. R. Schorge, J. O. (2006). ‘Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a glance’. (2nd ed). Malden, Massachusetts : Blackwell. Kumar, R. K. (2005). ‘Morphological methods for assessment of fibrosis’ Methods in Molecular Medicine. 117, p.179-188. Kambic, H. E., Kantrowitz, A. Sung, P. (1986). ‘Vacular graft update : safety and performance, a symposium’. [Online]. Philadelphia, PA : ASTM. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NU0cVwIPk_oCpg=PA162dq=limitations+of+collagen+stainhl=enei=AEKLTcmzMsmYhQe1hJHEDgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=10ved=0CFsQ6AEwCQ#v=onepageqf=false. [Assessed 20th March 2011]. How to cite Special Stains Laboratory Report, Essay examples

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

The Crucible and the Scarlet Letter free essay sample

The Crucible and The Scarlet Letter share many themes that are still present in today’s society, such as the use of public humiliation as a punishment. Because of their sins, both John Proctor and Hester Prynn were alienated and punished by their peers and town leaders. The public humiliation that they faced helped shape the characters in the eyes of the reader and effected the way that they behaved and acted. In The Crucible John Proctor and the other towns people were punished by means of public humiliation because of their apparent use of witch craft. When they were accused each person was placed on a mobil cart, like cattle, and were transported to the local court where they were tried for their crime. Each trial was public, and towns members went to these trials to ridicule and give condescending comments while the judges were deciding. No jury was present and the only way each defendant could escape hanging was to confess, even if they were not guilty. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible and the Scarlet Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The accused who refused to confess were publicly hung for all to see, as if to give warning to all other citizens to pray and stay pure because if they did not they would be hung also. t even went as far as publicly displaying names. People would do anything to try and save themselves, even if it meant humiliating and accusing their friends. When John Proctor signed his name on a certificate proving his confession, it was said that it would be hung over the church door to show to, and warn others. This idea of loosing his name, and the shame that would come with the public humiliation was too much for John, so he rebuked his confession. The fear of witches and public humiliation was the death of John Proctor and many others in the Puritan society. In The Scarlet Letter Hester Prynn was accused and found guilty of adultery after the birth of her child, while her husband was away. Because of this she was condemned to wear a scarlet and gold letter on her chest. Due to this letter, everyone, even people that she didn’t know looked down upon her because of her sin. Everyone has sinned in one way or another, but Hester was cursed to display it and was humiliated daily. She could have gotten off with a different sentence, but because the court wanted her to â€Å"pay† for what she had done, they took on the role of God himself, and attempted to unish her on Earth by having to carry that burden with her everywhere she went as a constant reminder. Hester stood on the scaffolding by herself and in front of the whole town for all to see. She was ridiculed and beaten down with words, as the humiliation continued. By being publicly humiliated Hester at first became depressed because she felt alone in the world with only her daughter to comfort her, who was still another reminder of what she had done. Eventually Hester came to terms with the letter that she bore, but the public humiliation that she went through scarred her and was the cause of many unnecessary hardships that occurred throughout her life. Public humiliation was not uncommon in the past, but it has decreased greatly in recent years, as the outcomes of ethics trials and laws against capital punishment were instated. Although the laws have changed, some people haven’t. In New Jersey a boy named Tyler Clementi committed suicide as a result of public humiliation. Students of the Rutgers campus posted videos of him online of him kissing another man. Clementi was ridiculed and tormented because of his homosexuality and the release of that video. The same students responsible for it also tried to capture and post other videos. Every where he went on and even off campus Clementi was humiliated by people who had seen the video. People enjoyed humiliating him, and other loved watching him be abused. As a direct affect of public humiliation, Tyler Clementi killed himself. Public humiliation is a theme that is present in many different novels and even in present day. This humiliation changed the characters in The Crucible and Hester Prynn in The Scarlet Letter in several ways. The towns people and John proctor had to endure unfair trials and social alienation, while Hester had to live with her sin every single day of her life wile displaying it for the world to see. Although they did not take such extreme measures on themselves

Wednesday, April 1, 2020

Medtronic, Inc. Marketing Plan

Background and Goals Medtronic Inc is the leading medical technology company in the world, controlling more than half of the world’s annual revenue on the heart-pacing market (Anonymous, 2010). Its headquarters are in Minneapolis, Minnesota and it operates in over 120 countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Medtronic, Inc. Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, around sixty-six percent of its revenue is generated locally, twenty percent in Europe, ten percent in the pacific Asia and the remaining percentage in the rest of the world. As it expanded, the firm employed Picker International Corporation of White Plains, New York to assist in running the business internationally. The founder of Medtronic Inc was an electrical engineer a profession that boosted his knowledge on specializing in medical devices. He established the company by specializing in pace making which has taken Medtr onic to very high heights (Anonymous, 2010). Medtronic is a manufacturer of diversified and exclusive medical equipment, which are capable of handling any medical complication. It continues to develop better and advanced equipment in order to maintain its top position. Moreover, the firm has recently developed Combo Insulin Pump and Glucose Monitor for Diabetes, which is the best device for managing diabetes in the world. Since Medtronic is a world-class company, it aims at coming up with a marketing plan that will enable it do extensive sales in the whole world. The first step is to identify a country whereby its sales can pick significantly. Medtronic objective To ensure that every person on this earth has an opportunity to live as healthy, innovative, creative, and successful lives as they can. Combo Insulin Pump and Glucose Monitor for Diabetes For a long time, patients with diabetes have been facing acute challenges in treating and managing their insulin levels due to lack of p roper devices. The devices Medtronic made would help the patients but were not as effective.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Diabetic patients would have their live revolve around treating the disease which involved boiling of the syringes, sharpening needles, injecting animal-based insulin formulations, checking on the diet and doing exercise. Maintaining unpredictable glucose levels has been challenging and no single and portable device was available in the market. Patients had to carry a combination of devices for checking glucose levels and injecting insulin (Fowler, 2009). Minneapolis-based medical technology company Medtronic, Inc. has however developed an Insulin Pump and Continuous Glucose Monitoring System which, integrates a glucose meter and an insulin pump with a dose calculator into one device. The device combines an insulin pump with a glucose monitor, facilita tes data interchange between the two and FDA has cleared and approved the product. The device operates day and night and in case glucose levels gets dangerously low or high, it sounds or vibrates an alarm thus giving the patients confidence of leading a healthy life (Dave, 2010). The device is meant to enable people to manage their diabetes more conveniently and give them confidence of day to day healthy living. This is because the patient is aware of what is exactly happening in his body instead of doing guesswork with only a couple of finger sticks. The new device is around as three times as effective as standard therapy (David, 2010). The integrated device can be used in hospitals, clinical and medical research laboratories, blood and plasma collection centers, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, doctors’ offices and by patients at home under physician supervision. Medtronic, Inc. Marketing Plan Having come up with a diabetic device that will ease the daily lives of the patients, Medtronic, Inc has a full opportunity in the USA and outside the country. Apart from the local market, which assures Medtronic more than sixty percent of its annual revenue, the best foreign country for Medtronic to establish extensive market for its new device would be the United Kingdom.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Medtronic, Inc. Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More United Kingdom is located in Europe and Statistics show that the second best market for Medtronic, Inc devices lies in Europe. This is because sixty-six percent of Medtronic’s annual revenue is generated locally and the next twenty percent is generated from Europe. Coupled with the fact that UK is ranked position three in the list of obese population, then it will be a potential market for Combo Insulin Pump and Glucose Monitor (Anonymous, 2010). Let us compare the UK and the US market with some potential markets i n the world.    Country Comparison      Mexico The level of poverty in Mexico does not allow it to make a good market for Medtronic diabetic devices. The US-Mexico borders mark the highest population with diabetes in Mexico. By 1997, diabetes was the leading cause of death among the Mexican community at the border whereby the mortality rate was 50% higher than the rest of the country. However, the living environment in Mexico makes it hard for the population to obtain medical attention. This is characterized by rapidly growing population, poor infrastructure, high uninformed and armed patrols instilling fear to the people, over concentration by the government on control of drug cartels, which sums up to poverty (Zazworsky Gaubeca, 2005).      Slovakia Slovakia can make a good market for the diabetes devices manufactured by Medtronics, Inc since it is located in one of the companies’ best market. It also has a large population suffering from diabet es thus the demand can be high. However, the population is slightly lower than that of the UK making UK a better market.      Greece Greece is ranked position five in percentage of people suffering from obesity. It has a potential market for obesity devices due to the high population suffering from the disease but the biggest challenge is the public administration system. This problem has been outstanding for a long time and has adverse effects on health care system. There is no tradition of preparing public health reports and this may hinder effective marketing of Combo Insulin Pump and Glucose Monitor in the country (Ritsatakis, WHO Maka, 2009, pg 106). Marketing Plan Budget Proposal We have met with our accounting department and have been the approval of budgeting 2.5 million dollars towards this new plan. Our advertising and research teams have come up with a time limit of one year to implement all of the areas we will communicate this to our distributors and to t he customers. The budget is mainly meant to create awareness of the new product in the market through advertisement. Due to the availability of technology and the benefits of globalization, advertisement will be done through Billboards, Online, Newspaper, website, Brochures, CD’s, Trade Shows, and Conventions Events Money Budget Newspaper costs ($1,200,000) Trade Shows/Conventions/Events ($250,000) Direct e-mail costs ($250,000) Brochures/CD’s ($300,000) Billboards ($450,000) Hidden Costs ($100,000) Time budget January through April- Begin sending literature and doing extensive advertisement in the United Kingdom along with a calendar of events for upcoming trade shows, events and conventions. May- Largest trade show will be set up for both presentations and workshops in the US. All distributors and any team leaders that can will be available.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More June- The trade fair will now take place in UK July through September- Extensive marketing in the UK October through December- Constant monitoring by departments will also be done. Final Evaluation At the end of six months, we will evaluate how well our plan is doing by looking at sales and expenditures. At this time, we will also look at how smoothly the shipping is being done and how effective the shows are. We will also have our team leaders meet with the distributors at a gathered meeting evaluate how sales are moving. SWOT analysis Strength- The new device has combined all the important aspects in to one unit making it portable and suitable to the patients. Weakness- It can be hard to convince people to drop their old ways of managing diabetes and apply the new device Opportunity- The rates of diabetes population in the world is very high thus there is a ready market for the new device Threats – New culture, shipping to a new country, makes product known and used. Maki ng sure, we communicate the product to a new country in a way that will make it desirable. Conclusion After doing enough evaluation and reconnaissance, we have decided to begin our marketing in the UK since due to the bigger market and few marketing challenges. UK has been a good market for the rest of our products and it will probably be for the new diabetic product. By the end of the year, we will have established the product at home, in the UK and we will be ready to venture the rest of the world. However, the local market remains the leading consumer since the local people have more confidence with Medtronic and competition is not as high as in foreign countries. References Anonymous. (2010). Medtronic, Inc. – Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Medtronic, Inc. Web. Dave, G. (2010). FDA Approves World’s First Combo Insulin Pump And Glucose Monitor For Diabetes; Device Alerts Users When Glucose Gets Too High Or Low. Web. David, O. (2010). Medtronic Device Beats Finger Stick in Diabetes Study. Web. Fowler, M. (2009). Diabetes Devices. Web. Ritsatakis, A., WHO Maka, P. (2009). Gaining Health. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office Europe. Web. Zazworsky, D. Gaubeca, V. (2005). Handbook of diabetes management. Moscow: Birkhà ¤user. Web. This essay on Medtronic, Inc. Marketing Plan was written and submitted by user Asia Lott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Saturday, March 7, 2020

The Best Sources to Upgrade Your Research

The Best Sources to Upgrade Your Research Wikipedia is a good source for information. It is a good source, that is, if you just want some general information that random people have contributed on a topic. Wikipedia is not a resource for academic research works. In fact, no encyclopedia should be used when students conduct serious research. The question then becomes, can a student find scholarly websites for serious research? The answer to that question is yes, provided students have the ability to find them. In order to make your journey through the web in search of research websites a bit easier, we have compiled a list of the most reputable places with a brief description. iSeek This is sort of the scholars rendition of Ask.com. Students can pose a question based upon the topic they have chosen for an essay or paper, the search engine will spit out resources from government, reputable and established non-commercial sites, and from universities. This is one of the most highly respected scholarly search engines on the web. In fact, teachers and professors use it for their own research. Google Scholar Among academic search engines, this one is pretty cool. It focuses on the type of scholarly literature that grad students need for their research. Just enter some keywords or phrases, and Google will churn out papers, books, dissertation abstracts, theses, current research articles from scholarly journals, and more. These are primary source materials. Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) This library is maintained by the U.S. Department of Education and currently holds more than 1.3 million resource materials dissertations, technical reports, policy papers, research syntheses, targeted scholarly journals and articles. Students can search in virtually any content field and find hundreds or resources. If is one of the most commonly used research websites for students who are beginning their theses or dissertations all primary source material. Intute Intute is not a library of itself. Rather, it is unique among academic search engines, based in the UK that will point students to appropriate websites for their research. Students can enter their specific topics and receive the names and URLs of scholarly websites for their research. This site is particularly cool because it also has free tutorials produced by professors and librarians related to web-based research. Scirus Here is a science students dream among all other research sites. It houses over 350 million pages of articles, journal publications, and major research works from respected higher education institutions everywhere. Virtual Learning Resources Center If you want to find any scholarly website related to any academic discipline, you will want to use this research website. It is actually an index and houses the names of scholarly websites that are recommended by professors, high school and university librarians. The student can plug in his/her topic area and immediately get a list of reputable websites that house scholarly publications in that academic field. Noodle Tools This is one of the best educational search engines for high school students, although undergrad students find it really helpful as well. It provides both primary and secondary resources for any topic. The neat additional feature is that is has a citation generator tool for APA, MLA and Chicago format style. WorldCat The perfecct site if you are looking for a specific book. Type in the book title and this great site will searh through libraries looking for it. Ultimately, it will tell you where you can find that book in a libarary geograpically close to your location. It will do the same for video and CDs. Students can search for other digital sources like audiobooks and other rare text that is not available publicly. American Memory Undergrad and grad history students will never need to look for another source. This is the door to the Library of Congresss nine million-plus digital documents all primary sources - including books, articles, sound recordings, maps, etc.

Thursday, February 20, 2020

Fashion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Fashion - Research Paper Example She also proclaimed and advised that the society ought not to underplay the repercussions of the situation, with regard to the message that most personalities had sent earlier (Breward, 2002). Furthermore, in accordance with a magazine that communicates issues regarding and surrounding the fashion confines, it was devastating that approximately 80% of young ladies in the fifth grades via twelve had been under influence of such fashion magazines, with regard to the images displayed (Davis, 2005). They confessed that most of these advances within the fashion magazines contained material that would probably alter their feeding habits and intake of various substances. Moreover, in the pro-anorexia programmes, posters communicating the notion of participation in television fashion shows and purportedly combing their magazines for ‘thinspiration’. However a bit intricate intelligence exists regarding whether the ubiquity of the excessively thin models results into persons outs ide the fields to innovate disordered feeding or fully blown food consumption chaos. Generally, Dr. Broft confessed that in the course of their working with their patients, this notion of the thinning always arises. Additionally, the psychiatrist within the foodstuff consumption program in the Columbia psychiatry explicated additionally that feeding disorders are extremely intricate based on their aetiology. Additionally, it is reasonable to proclaim that disclosure may be a truth in the innovation of feeding disorders and that an unfussy connection had not been conventional. In addition, the national affiliation of health prospects that the lifetime pervasiveness of anorexia is approximately 1.5% of the adult populace in the U.S.A. However, between the age gap of twelve to eighteen year olds is around 2.5%. Additionally, there immense risk prospects inclusive of their femininity and age among others as influences and the past (Breward, 2002). In accordance with a psychologist at th e Cleveland clinic, disclosure to skinny models could probably take a role. Moreover, though skinny models are not the reason behind feeding disorders, they may trigger or elicit a prospect in up keeping a feeding anomaly (Furze, 2011). Additionally, she proclaimed that if a lady has an establishment for a feeding anomaly and takes most of their time browsing via fashion papers can be one of the prospects that elicit a negative feeling of their body, which initiates them into feeding disorders, like excessive eating. Moreover, consummate research has introduced a relation of the two purporting that there has not existed any single descriptive scientific explication. Furthermore, specialists proclaim that her explication is one of the most fascinating on how the general media can implicate on bodily issues and image regards too. Becker’s exertion has concentrated on Fiji, where she discovered the entry of television coincided with, among other things, an augmentation in disord ered feeding, inclusive of throwing up to lose or take critical control of weight. Additionally, a following up research discovered that peer disclosure was specifically strong, with allies deliberating and internalizing the general media images (Davis, 2005). Though Becker warned against projection of such results to the American, she proclaimed

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Organisational begaviour management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organisational begaviour management - Essay Example By gaining a deeper understanding of individual differences an organisation will be able to proactively address organisational issues (Pearn 2002). In times when individual differences produce tension and conflict in an organization, the most viable solution entails the identification of a common ground where in spite of the differences, there is a possibility of a compromise. Therefore, performing a thorough analysis is the key ingredient in finding this common ground. The main argument of this paper is that individual differences bring about a variety of behaviours in the organization. Hence, managing organizational behaviour would require synergy of a plethora of concepts and principles to generate potent strategies towards organizational effectiveness. In order to identify the common ground among individuals in an organization, the following key points condensed from the theme of the researches included in the annotated bibliography should serve both as a guide in this discussion : (1) positive organizational behaviours should be cultivated; (2) organizational citizenship complements positive organizational behaviours; (3) moods, emotions, and diversity are significant factors influencing organizational behaviour; (4) organizations can benefit from recognizing emotional intelligence as scaffolds in forging healthy relationships in an organization; and (5) researchers need to sustain their exploits in discovering how the management of organizational behaviour can enhance the effectiveness of organizations. Positive behaviours should be cultivated in an organization. Youssef and Luthans (2007) revealed that hope, optimism, and resilience share a positive relationship with job performance, job satisfaction, work happiness, and organizational commitment. Optimism is a key factor in attaining occupational success. Optimists are observed to be: motivated to work harder; more satisfied; experience high levels of morale and aspiration; persistent in the face of obst acles and difficulties; views personal setbacks as temporary and not as personal inadequacy; and more likely to feel good and invigorated. Meanwhile, hope provides individuals with willpower and waypower. On the other hand, resiliency allows individuals to bounce back from stressful situations (Hoffmann, Farrell, Lilford, Ellis & Cant 2007). Meanwhile, Giachetti and So (2009) posited that: (1) the impact of positive organizational behaviours on strategy implementation may be mediated by organizational culture and leadership strategy articulation; and (2) positive management impacts organizational strategy and performance through collaborative management. In addition, the authors suggested the evaluation of the relationship between employee behaviour and capabilities on implementation of organizational strategies by managers on future researches. Luthans and Youssef (2007) emphasized the need for employees to capitalize on their strengths and improving on their weakness. Though signi ficant progress has been observed in the research and practice of positive organizational behaviour, the authors suggested further research on enhancing POB understanding and utilization with the aim of affecting work performance. Organizational citizenship complements positive organizational behaviours. Based on the analysis of LePine, Erez, and Johnson (2002) a strong association was uncovered among most of the dimensions of

Monday, January 27, 2020

Achieving A Congruence In Organisation Strategy Business Essay

Achieving A Congruence In Organisation Strategy Business Essay This essay first discusses about the importance of achieving congruence between an organisations strategy, structure and human resource management (HRM) practices. The author begins with defining strategy, structure and practices. The example of a software support organisation is used to illustrate the points in this essay; ensues by the outlining of its business objectives and strategies. It strives to be the leading integration software support service provider offering cutting edge service quality and achieving high customer satisfaction. Being in the service industry, the strategies revolve very much around human resource administration. The author subsequently delves into each strategy explaining why there must be congruence in order to accomplish the objectives. The second segment of discussion directs the attention to the relevance and effectiveness of HRM in achieving a competitive edge for the organisation. In the instance of the support organisation, information technology (IT) knowledge and customer service skills are a crucial part of work. Technology is ever-evolving and customers demands intensify in time. With proper management of skill and practices the organisation will be able to adapt well to external and internal changes giving it an advantage over other support organisations. As the conclusion, performance is obtained by systematic interactions and integration among the various HRM practices (Boxall, 2003). HRM has to be aligned to the corporate strategy and structure and this gives the organisation a competitive edge. First and foremost it is good to introduce and define the key elements of the essay. Organisational strategy defines the direction in which an organisation intends to move and establishes the framework for action through which it intends to get there (as quoted in Stone, 2008, p. 13). Organisational structure refers to the organisations framework or design (as quoted in Stone, 2008, p. 34). HRM practices relate to the human resource routines that are undertaken to manage specific skills, values and knowledge of employees (Ennen Richter, 2010). It is important to achieve congruence between these three elements to increase operational performance by meeting the organisational objectives and at the same time promoting achievement of employee goals (Stone, 2008). Advantage occurs when an organisation substantially builds the quality of its human capital and links it to the business and strategy (Boxall, 2003). Hence it can become a leader or winner in the industry. Work situation of a software support organisation will be discussed here. Its strategic business objectives are to be the market leader in integration software support excellence providing services around the globe 247, increase revenue opportunities and endorse effective cost control through: Understanding and growing the employee skills and interests. Retaining the right people by showing appreciation of their contribution. Empowering employees to provide value for achieving customers goal. Achieving high customers satisfaction and keeping them happy. Expanding the organisation in cost effective locations. The business strategy depends profoundly on the work force which is the organisation structure and the management of workers. The corporate business strategy of being the leader in customer service is to be achieved by first of all understanding and growing the employee skills and interests. This is in fact one of HRM practices and activities. Understanding the employee can be done by performing individual appraisal and growing them is a part of HR development and career planning (Stone, 2008). These days, less attention is paid to the persons position or tenure, rather the market value of skills is focused on (Cascio, 2010). Besides skills, their interests need to be taken care of, depending what they are. For example an employee that gets promoted is more committed to the companys goals attainment (Joseph Dai, 2009). A design that focuses on wellness of workers is more likely to be successful in achieving the operational goals. Without proper management of people who are going to run the organisation, its strategic business objectives execution would go the wrong direction. Secondly, the retaining and hiring of desirable skills directly affect the corporate performance (Wei, 2006). HRM strategies have to be aligned fittingly to this in order that the company does not dissipate unnecessary costs hiring new support engineers to replace those who leave the job due to feeling of disapproval. To keep capable workers, it is important for them to feel appreciated for their contribution. Engaging a reward system, incentives-motivated performance measurement is a good way to retain employees. Good organisation coordination can promote a trust environment that enables two way feedbacks between employer-employee (Collins, 2010). Constructive and beneficial feedback has to be acted upon to show that management is receptive to the peoples voice. HR activities such as recruitment and selection should aim to support the organisations strategy of focusing on the customer-employee relationship. Competent candidates ought to be selected for the job to ensure customer obt ain the service they seek from the knowledge workers. Thirdly, the researcher discusses why the empowerment of employee has to be fitted with the right HRM practices and organisational structure. The support organisation has offices in different parts of the world, therefore it is structured in the way that there is a Regional Time Zone Manager who heads the Product Line Manager who manages the Support Managers. The Support Managers deal directly with the Support Engineers. Communication is most of the time vertical and bureaucratic. The author thinks this design complicates the HR practices; for example there will be multiple level approval processes, hence employees are not empowered appropriately. Non-hierarchical decision making is becoming a more popular managerial structure because it is creating added creativity in workplace through proper delegation of work (Joseph Dai, 2009). The author thinks the support organisation could adopt this flat organisational structure. In this way there will be cutback of redundant escalation and reporting processes. Strategic plans can to be communicated immediately to the employees, who carry them out (York, 2010). Managers and employees should share a common understanding of execution plan details without obvious rank barrier. Then the engineers would know the main areas of concern. Keeping customers happy is one of them which will to be discussed next. The fourth strategic plan is to achieve high customers satisfaction. Managing human resource by adopting development-orientated practices is essential to improve the organisations capability in satisfying the customers. IT workers have to be developed regularly to keep up with the latest technological knowledge (Joseph Dai, 2009). Customer interaction effectiveness can be enhanced by communication training and development, hence boosting customer fulfilment. An open and interactive organisational design structure is helpful in building a good customer-support relationship. Customers are free to reach out to the Customer Services Managers for any conflicts or queries that occur during the support process so they get all the assistance they need. Consequently more new customers are attracted to sign up while existing customer stayed satisfied. The company will be able to meet its business objective of generating more revenue from the customers maintenance contracts. Finally, to promote cost effectiveness via the strategic decision to grow the support team internationally, supporting a global set of customers around the clock. One of the initiatives is to have more shifts in lower cost hub, providing customer service remotely through phone and email communication. HRM supports this by recruiting the required support engineers before the shifts start. HR planning of estimating how many workers are needed has to be done carefully to ensure cost efficiency. The planning would have to take into account the existing workers and the time required for the new workers to start contributing to the company (Ahmad, 2000). As the setup activity spans across the globe, the structure has to be in place before execution. The alignment of HRM practices and policies to the organisational strategy, design and structure will significantly increase productivity (Joseph Dai, 2009) especially in the condition where remote supervision is required. The author agrees with the statement One of the aims of HRM is to give an organisation a competitive edge. In fact HRM has to be strategized to help integrate the organisational strategy and polish its structure in a unique way that enhances the overall value to provide a competitive advantage. Human resources management focuses on managing the employer and employee relations and productively use it to achieve the strategic corporate strategy (Stone, 2008). Again in the example of the Support Centre, information technology (IT) knowledge and customer services skills are a crucial part of work. As described above, HRM activity such as training and development could improve these skills which add value to the customer. Customer usually tends to compare the quality of service provided among all other support organisations offering the same services. Distinguished service that stands out is in the advantage to keep the customers. HRM practices and policies describe factors that determine with what skills, values and knowledge organisational routines are implemented (Ennen Richter, 2010). A good HRM system takes care of changes that happen externally as well as internally. External factor such as technological divergence which is ever-evolving requires the attainment of new technical know-how for continuous improvement. With the right resource management, existing hardware and software can be replaced before they get obsolete. New technology can be acquired and utilized to create a better environment for support engineers to trouble-shoot complicated technical cases. Customers are always impressed with fresh ideas and fast resolution time. Transformation that happens internally for example team restructuring will probably affect day to day practices. HR administrative mechanism plays an important role to ensure employees adapt well to the changes. If a formal notification about re-allocation of duties is deli vered, workers will not be caught off guard and can prepare for the change. Productivity would drop tremendously if the various factors are not managed well. HRM that aligns to business strategies controls work activities and direct employees back on track for the organisation to stay competitive. Ennen Richter, 2010, through empirical research concludes that congruence practices, policies, strategy and organisational structure would give firms a competitive advantage over the organisations lacking such fit. The support organisation which is in the service sector covers a huge range of human services and practices. Productivity is best served by systematic interactions and integration among the various practices (Boxall, 2003). The support organisation focuses on human capital but at the same time it wishes to control cost in the most efficient way. Business hubs have been set up in lower maintenance cost locations. To have Asians providing support service to Europeans for example opens to issues such as cultural and expectation differences. HR strategy to hire the best job applicant with strong competencies such as good etiquette, resilience to cultural differences, strong verbal and written communication becomes a significant factor in ensuring the success of the organisati on. The author concludes that the aim of HRM is to achieve congruence between an organisations strategy, structure and its practices for inducing a competitive edge. When the human capital is taken care of, all other aspects such as technology, customer, culture, social and others will be handled appropriately by precise HRM strategy guidelines. The managers design the strategies and model then delegate the tasks. The workers follow instructions to achieve goal. The managers then collect feedback from the workers to continuously improve the system and produce result. Productivity is best served by systematic interactions and integration among the various HRM practices (Boxall, 2003). HRM has to be aligned to the corporate strategy and structure and this relationship gives the organisation a competitive edge. All said about having a system associated with strategies in place and the extensive information available today, the traditional multi-layer organisation charts value is declining ( Collins, 2010). As we move more into the knowledge age, managers role can be made redundant or will be trimmed down. Perhaps as food for thought, one day organisation would prefer workers performing their functional activities without the managers, but through forming multi-domains networked together by technological intelligence. Word count: 1754 (Excluding Abstract and References)

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Medieval Castles :: essays research papers

Medieval Castles Medieval Castles were huge protection camps made to protect the king. They had every kind of defense known to medieval man. From murder holes, to arrow-loops, a castle had it. Medieval castles were usually built on a high rocky cliff located by water. Castle locations were very hard to find and sometimes months were spent looking for one. A moat was built around the castle and was usually filled with sewage and bathroom â€Å"goodies.† All these things played an important part in keeping the castle strong and ready to fight. A couple other defenses the castle had were murder holes; soldiers would dump many things on the sieging warriors. Another tactic was the arrow-loops; a small slender cut in the castle wall that arrows could be shot out from but not in to. See Diagram. Castles also had huge 20-foot walls to be protected from. Only two-ways in or out from the wall were present. One in the front of the castle where two iron gates had to be broken. Another gate was located somewhere towards the back of the castle. It was a secret gate that was very hard to find, and only the king knew where the gate had been hidden. The gate was used during an attack to escape from the siege. In the middle of the castle there was a huge building called the keep. This is where the king and queen slept, the kitchen and armory was also located inside. The dinning quarters (the largest room inside) was used very frequent and many employees were assigned to it. The castle was the heart and soul of the country. The king and queen and all of their loyal servants were inside, running the

Saturday, January 11, 2020

The Fashion Channel

The Fashion Channel The Fashion Channel has dominated the fashion television market in recent years, but is now faced with an increasing amount of formidable competition. Both CNN and Lifetime have added fashion related programming after seeing an opportunity to gain viewers in that market. These two competitors have been relatively successful in securing a following of viewers.The fashion channel now must make the decision on how to move forward with their marketing plan. They must find the best scenario possible in order increase revenue and secure viewers in this increasingly competitive market. To successfully do execute this plan, The Fashion channel must review the customer segments, complete a profit potential analysis, and chose a marketing plan that best suits their needs and the needs of their viewers. Customer Segments OverviewSegment Name & Size| Fashionistas(15%)| Planners &Shoppers(35%)| Situationalists(30%)| Basics(20%)| Key Differentiating Demographics – what d o they look so that we could tell one segment from another? | Female (61%)High income $100,000+ Age 18 and 34 (50%)| Majority are femaleIncome 65,000+Age 21-45| Tend to have kids Age 24-50 (50%)Less disposable income| Majority are menAge 28-50| Key Differentiating Attitudes & Beliefs – how do they think and feel so that we could tell one segment from another? Treat fashion as a hobbyWant to be the trendsettersThey aren’t price sensitive Shop luxury brandsCare about how they are perceived (looks)| They look for deals, such as couponsHave brand loyalty towards certain brandsSomewhat are price sensitiveLike to plan and have an idea on where they want to go and what they want to buy, practical| Think about fashion only for special occasionsprice sensitive (besides rare occasions)Splurge for only certain occasions| Do not enjoy shoppingPrice sensitiveTend to shop at the same stores ( one stop shop)| Involvement in Fashion & Interest in Fashion on TV| Fashion TV 140 indexLoo k for insight on what’s hot and coming into styleThey treat fashion like an entertainment, They enjoy watching shows about it| Fashion TV 110 indexPopular show how to look good or under $100| Fashion TV 105 indexLike to watch some fashion TV, but normally when their looking to buy| Fashion TV 50 indexDon’t watch fashion on TVDon’t keep with fashion news| Qualitative Assessment of Targeting Priority | Pioneers/early adoptersTarget them heavily, they will spread the word. | Enjoy watching fashion and it’s the biggest segment. Focus on planning and saving when shoppingI would make this the secondary segment. | They don’t shop a whole lot, but they enjoy hearing about fashion. You could dip into this section if you had the resources. | This segment shows now interest in fashion. We believe they should avoid targeting this market. | Methodology Fashionistas: Demographics: Females tend to be more fashion oriented from head to toe than men. This segment h as a high income, which they need to be able to keep up with the trends and the expensive luxury brands.Women between the ages 18-35 are the majority of this market. This is the age range when women try to appeal to others by their looks. Key attitudes and beliefs: They want to have the new and latest clothes and accessories. This segment tends to wear expensive brands to show people they can afford nice clothes and care how they look. They don’t care how much it cost, with their high income they will buy whatever is fashion, even if its outrageously priced. Interest in fashion They enjoy watching fashion on TV (Heavy watchers), they treat it as an entertainment. This is how they keep up with the trends. They also keep up with the fashion through social media and magazines.Assessment: This is the smallest market although they are the ones that fit Fashion TV’s criteria. They are like the pioneers to early adopters in fashion. If they like it they will spread the word t o others, then they start watching the program. This makes it a key factor to target this market well; you want them to likes your programs, so they well send out good recommendations to others. Planners and Shoppers: Demographics: This segment also leans towards females (60%). The age range for this segment is 21-45. The young side of the segment is young and with lower incomes. The older side of the segment likes to be thrifty and get the best deal for their dollar, even though they make good money. They have an income of 65,000+.They have enough income to spend on nice clothes, but need to find the best deals to stay within their budget. Key attitudes and beliefs: This segment still likes to look good, but is on a budget, so they look for the best deals. If an item is on sale they are more prone to purchase it. They tend to be loyal to certain brands. They stick with certain brands, to receive loyalty coupons and other discounts. Interest in fashion: This segment has pretty simil ar interest in fashion as the fashionistas. They would watch shows that deal more with value, like how to look good with under $100. Assessment: This segment has the largest size, which makes it an attractive market to target; the numbers agree this is a good segment.They watch fashion TV and enjoy planning shopping trips. You could market shows that deal with planning shopping trips and how to shop on a budget. Situationalists: Demographics: Found this segment to be made up of male and female. With about 50% of the populations having kids living at their home still, they have less of a disposable income. Parents with kids living at home tend to range between 24-50 years of age. Key attitudes and beliefs: Fashion only occurs to them in special occasions. They typically don’t spend a lot on clothes, but for certain occasions they splurge a little bit. They are somewhat price sensitive, because of their low disposable income.Interest in fashion: While the other segments watch T V for tips and trend, this segments tends to watch TV recreational. They don’t watch it daily. Assessment: We believe the previous two segments are more attractive than this one, although they could dip into this segment. Situantiolists show some interest in fashion. Having a wedding dress show is something that would intrigue this audience. Shows that deal with special occasions, weddings are the big one. This group wants information about fashion for the key moments of their lives. Basics: Demographics: The majority of this segment tends to be male. The age range of the segment is 28-50. Men younger than 28 years old care more about their appearance, while going through School and impressing girls.Once they get married and content with their life they tend to care less about what they wear and spend little time shopping. Key attitudes and beliefs: This segment is price sensitive, they don’t care as much about what brand they wear so they will look to for the cheapest one. They also don’t like to go out shopping, so they will go to one stop shop (clothing stores) where they can buy all they need in one store. Interest in fashion: This group does not watch much fashion TV nor do they try to interact with the fashion world. Assessment: This group does not watch hardly any fashion TV and show little interest in fashion. In the end it would be smart not to target this segment.Profit Potential Analysis Rate each segment on 1-10 scale per text| Fashionistas| Planners &Shoppers| Situationalists| Basics| Market Size| 2| 7| 6| 3| Market Growth| Not applicable| Not applicable| Not applicable| Not applicable| Competitive Strength| 8| 6| 4| 2| Price Sensitivity| 8| 5| 3| 2| Production Costs| 4| 6| 6| 2 | Marketing Costs| Not applicable| Not applicable| Not applicable| Not applicable| Market Value (Sum above/4)| 5. 5| 6| 4. 75| 2. 25| Market Size:These ratings were based on the percentage of households that fall into each category. Competitive Strengt h: Competitive strength was rated on the ability of TFC to reach the segment compared to the abilities of their competitors Lifetime and CNN. The primary advantage of TFC is that the programming is focused on fashion, while the competitors offer less fashion related shows. This gives TFC a large competitive advantage with Fashionistas but puts them at a disadvantage with the Basics. The Planners & Shoppers group would also appreciate the fashion advice, while Situationalists would likely only watch programming that focused on specific fashion topics.Price Sensitivity: The Fashionista group is the least price sensitive segment due to a larger household income and an interest in fashion trends. The other three groups all expressed interest in value. The Planners and Shoppers group received a higher rating due to the fact that they enjoy shopping and stay up to date on trends. Situationalists were the third ranking group. They also enjoy shopping, but only for specific needs. The lowes t rated group was the Basics, they are very price sensitive because they want value and do not enjoy shopping. Production Costs: Production costs in this case refer to the costs of TFC advertising to each target group.The Basics group would be the most expensive to target, as they represent the greatest departure from the station’s current demographics. This group is made up of 55% men, while only 39% of the channel’s viewers are men. It would require an extensive advertising campaign to reach this group. There would not be much difference in the costs of advertising to the Planners & Shoppers and Situationalists since they have similar demographics. Production costs for the Fashionistas would likely be higher than these two groups because advertisements would have to keep up with changing fashion trends. Exhibit 4: Ad Revenue Calculator| | | | | Ad Revenue Calculator|   |   |   |   | | Current| 2007 Base| Scenario 1| Scenario 2| Scenario 3| TV HH| 110,000,000| 110,000,000| 110,000,000| 110,000,000| 110,000,000| Average Rating| 1. 0%| 1| 1. 2| 0. 8| 1. 2| Average Viewers (Thousand)| 1100| 1100| 1320| 880| 1320| Average CPM*| $2. 00| $2. 00 | $1. 80| $3. 50| $2. 50| Average Revenue/Ad Minute**| $2,200| $2,200| $2,376| $3,080| $3,300| Ad Minutes/Week| 2016| 2016| 2016| 2016| 2016| Weeks/Year| 52| 52| 52| 52| 52| Ad Revenue/Year| $230,630,400 | $230,630,400 | $249,080,832 | $322,882,560 | $345,945,600 | Incremental Programming Expense|   | $0 | $0 | $15,000,000 | $20,000,000 |   |   |   |   |   |   | | | | | | | * Revenue/Thousand Viewers| | | | | | ** Calculated by multiplying Average Viewers by Average CPM| | | | | 2006 Actual| 2007 Base| Scenario 1| Scenario 2| Scenario 3| Exhibit 5: Financials Revenue:|   |   |   |   |   | Ad Sales| $230,630,400 | $230,630,400 | $249,080,832 | $322,882,560 | $345,945,600 | Affiliate Fees| $80,000,000| $81,600,000| $81,600,000| $81,600,000| $81,600,000| Total Revenue| $310,630,400 | $312,230,400 | $330,680,832 | $404,482,560 | $427,545,600 |   |   |   |   |   |   | Expenses|   |   |   |   |   | Cost of Operations| $70,000,000| $72,100,000| $72,100,000| $72,100,000| $72,100,000| Cost of Programming| $55,000,000| $55,000,000 | $55,000,000 | $70,000,000 | $75,000,000 | Ad Sales Commissions| $6,918,912| $6,918,912. 00 | $7,472,424. 96 | $9,686,476. 80 | $10,378,368. 0 | Marketing & Advertising| $45,000,000| $15,000,000 | $15,000,000 | $15,000,000 | $15,000,000 | SGA| $40,000,000| $41,200,000| $41,200,000| $41,200,000| $41,200,000| Total Expense| $216,918,912| $190,218,912| $190,772,425| $207,986,477| $213,678,368|   |   |   |   |   |   | Net Income| $93,711,488 | $122,011,488 | $139,908,407 | $196,496,083 | $213,867,232 | Margin| 30%| 39%| 42%| 49%| 50%| Recommendation We recommend that Dana Wheeler and The Fashion Channel use the third segmentation scenario. There are positives and negatives to every plan; we feel that the third plan shows the highest revenue increase, and delivers the best competitive advantage.The first scenario describes a plan in which The Fashion Channel would, â€Å"maintain a broad appeal to a cross segment of Fashionistas, Planners & Shoppers, and Situationalists. † (Stahl) The broad marketing plan outlined in scenario one delivers a net income of $139,908,407, and a 3% increase the margin percentage. This would be an increase of almost $19,000,000 in ad revenue per year. This plan would slightly increase the average rating that The Fashion Channel would receive and boost the average viewer number slightly, and still would not come with an incremental programming expense. This plan would however, come with a drop in the average CPM, and â€Å"along with the 10% drop in forecasted Ad sales, a broad multi-cluster strategy may not deliver an audience different enough to avoid that drop. (Stahl) Dana Wheeler had mentioned that leaving the programming unchanged along with the mo re general advertising focus could leave them vulnerable to continued penetration by â€Å"competitors in the premium segments, thus further eroding The Fashion Channel’s pricing ability. † The second scenario was to focus on the Fashionistias. This scenario would increase ad revenue per year from $230,630,400 to $322,822,560 and would increase the margin by 10%. This scenario was described as valuable because of the strong demographic. This scenario would target the smallest segment but because of the value placed on these viewers, mainly women aged between 18 and 34, would lead to a CPM of $3. 50, which is the highest of the three scenarios.The targeted segment being smaller would mean that The Fashion Channel would incur an additional programming cost per year of fifteen million dollars, along with a decrease of 0. 2% in television ratings. This scenario doesn’t increase awareness, and carries the risk of not targeting enough viewers leading to further decrea ses in overall ratings. The final scenario outlined a plan to target two segments, the Fashionistas and the Shoppers/Planners. This scenario is the one that we would recommend The Fashion Channel to take. This scenario carries an additional cost of $20,000,000 for programming to â€Å"ensure that there were viewing selections aimed at both segments. † (Stahl) This plan shows the most promising numbers of the three scenarios.Both of the targeted segments are deemed valuable to ad buyers, which increases the average CPM to $2. 50. The Fashionistas and Shoppers/Planners scenario shows an increase in ad revenue per year from $230,630,400 to $345,945,600. That is an increase of $115,000,000 in ad revenue, resulting in a $91,000,000 net income increase. The increase to the margin is significant at 11%, and could increase in the future. The average CPM may be low considering the value of the viewer’s being targeted. The repositioning in programming may help when dealing with the increasing competitive threats. Works Cited Stahl, Wendy. â€Å"The Fashion Channel. â€Å"Harvard Business School  1 (2007): 1-12. Print.

Friday, January 3, 2020

Fun French Number Practice for the Classroom

Do you find teaching numbers boring, figuring that once youve taught your students to count in French, theres not much else you can do? If so, I have good news for you (and your students). Here are some great ideas for practicing numbers, including several games. Simple French Number Practice Ideas Use flash cards with the digit written on one side and the French spelling of the number on the other. Ask students to count by twos, fives, tens, etc.Count different objects in the classroom: number of desks, chairs, windows, doors, students, etc.Practice numbers with math operations: adding, subtracting, etc.Print out some paper money or use pennies and practice numbers by counting money.Talk about the time and date.Depending on the age of your students and your concerns about privacy, you could ask students about various personal details in French: birthdayagenumber and ages of brothers, sisters, cousin(e)sphone numberaddress You or your students can bring in pictures of food, clothing, dishes, office supplies, etc. and then discuss how much each item might cost - Ça coà »te 152,25 euros, for example. Good for combining number practice with other vocabulary words.One teacher found that students forgot to use the word ans when describing someones age, so now at the beginning of class, she writes the names of one or two celebrities or notable French people on the chalkboard and students guess his/her age. You can find birthdays in Today in Francophone history. Fun French Numbers Practice, Games and Activities British Bulldog / Dog and Bone A game for outdoors or a gymnasium: Divide the class in half, and have each side stand in a long line facing the other half, with a large gap for running between the two teams. Give each member a number: each team should have the same set of numbers but in a different order so that the students with the same number are not facing each other. An article, such as a scarf, skittle, or baton, is placed in the space between the two teams. Then the teacher calls a number and the student from each team with that number races to retrieve the article. Whoever gets it earns a point for his/her team. Number Toss Have the students stand in a circle and throw a nerf ball to another student (not adjacent). Upon catching the ball the student must say the next number. If s/he doesnt know what number youre on, says the wrong number, or pronounces it incorrectly, s/he is out of the game. Phone Numbers Have students write their actual phone numbers on a small piece of paper with no names. You can play too, by writing a phone number that you know well (such as the schools if you dont want to use your own). Collect the slips of paper and pass them back out randomly, making sure that no one has his/her own number. Everyone stands up. Start the game by reading the number on the paper you have. The person whose number it is sits down and reads the number s/he has, and so on until everyone is seated. Works well for listening, but they have to be able to say the numbers accurately enough for their classmates to understand them. I do this once theyve learned 0 to 9. Le Prix est Juste / The Price Is Right Teacher thinks of a number and gives students a range to guess from. Students respond and if incorrect, the teacher responds with plus or moins. When a student finally guesses the correct answer, s/he can be rewarded with a sticker, piece of candy, or a point for the team. Then the teacher thinks of a new number and gives a range and students begin guessing again. TPR with Numbers Write numbers on large cards, then call out instructions to the students: Mettez trente sur la table, Mettez sept sous la chaise (if they know prepositions and classroom vocabulary for example). You can mix it up with other vocabulary to catch them off guard and keep their attention: Donnez vingt à   Paul, Mettez la prof sur huit, Tournez vingt, Marchez vite avec onze. Or you can put the cards on the chalk tray and practice with avant, aprà ¨s, and à   cà ´tà © de: Mettez trente avant seize, Mettez zà ©ro aprà ¨s dix, etc. You might want to start with just five or so numbers at first; when they get good at those, add a couple more and so on. Zut Go around the room and count. Each time there is a 7 - a number with 7 in it (like 17, 27) or a multiple of 7 (14, 21) - the student must say zut instead of the number. They are knocked out of the game if they mispronounce the number, say the wrong number, or say the number when they should say zut. So the game should sound like this: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, zut, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, zut, 15, 16, zut, 18, 19, 20.... You can change the zut number periodically to keep them on their toes.