Skiing Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Papers

locomoteThe maneuver of traveling is dated back nearly 4,500 years. It began as a hunting technique for hunters in the Artic Rim tracking down game. Soon after, the Viking King Harald, in Iceland, used skiing not just for hunting, but for pleasure as well. The sport soon became competitive in racing, and wagers were placed on it. From here the sport spread across forty countries making it one of the fastest growth sports of the eon (International Skiing History Association, 2004). It soon caught the attention of the local people of Flagstaff, Arizona. Lying on ancient volcanic ruins, the Flagstaff community began skiing the hills of Snowbowl in 1938 (International Skiing History Association, 2004). The Snowbowl ski area is made of up the extinct volcano, which is more than three million years old. Snowbowl is located in the highest mountains of Arizona, with a summit of 12,633 feet. In 1979, the mountain of Snowbowl was finally approved for additional construction of the ski ar ea, expanding it and adding new features (The Sedona Dream Maker, 2003-2005). The Hopi and Navajo Tribes opposed this decision immensely for the sake of their heritage and beliefs lying on this very mountain. But, the timbre Service decided to go forth with it because they agreed to let the mountain have multiple uses, such as the recreation they were approving. Presently, the ski area has up to 30,000 to 180,000 visitors a year depending on the snowfall, according to Christopher McLeod for High Country News, September 11, 2000. With the technology of snowmaking now, the area is prone to expansion with the vicinity growing with each year.Last year Snowbowl ski area was open for a total of four days in the season of 2003-2004. This hurt the area immensely... ...r. inviolate Land Film Project. High Country News 11 Sept. 2000McLeod, Christopher. About the Project. Sacred Land Film Project. 1999-2004 http//www.sacredland.org/historical_sites_pages/sfpeaks.html. Rayner, Lisa. Save The Peaks. Flagstaff Tea Party. 2002 http//www.flagteaparty.org/Publications/Headlines/Pages/2002/July_2002/July02 hub.html.USDA Forest Service. Arizona Snowbowl Upgrade Proposed Action. United States Department of Agriculture and Coconino National Forest Proposed Conf., Sept. 2002, Flagstaff, Arizona, 2002.USDA Forest Service Coconino National Forest. Arizona Snowbowl Improvement Draft environmental Impact. Coconino National Forest. Tuesday, 26 Oct. 2004 http//www.fs.fed.us/r3/coconino/nepa/index.shtml.Winkelsten, Phil. Local Attractions. Sedona Dream Maker. 2003-2005 http//www.sedonadreammaker.com/sedona_attract.html.

Deception Essay -- Communication, Witholding Information

Deception exists in media, among prestigious universities, and perhaps most commonly in the workplace. According to Dunleavy (2010), reasons for deception in the workplace include competitiveness, conflict, or a response to a supervisor or fellow employee (p. 241). Dunleavy develops hypotheses, conducts experiments, and collects data to determine what is considered unexceptionable and unacceptable behavior as it applies to deception in the workplace. Ultimately, the reason for deceiving and the method in which one deceives, through either withholding (omission) or distortion (commission), at present effects the perception of coworkers credibility, power, and trustworthiness (Dunleavy, p.241). This article focuses on two different approaches of deception withholding information versus distorting information, and how that may or may not careen employees perception of the deceiver (Dunleavy, p.239). Dunleavy defines deception as the conscious attempt to create or perpetuate false im pressions among other communicators (Dunleavy, p.240). Three hypotheses are presented in the article...

The Reasons For American Economic Prosperity In The 1920s :: essays research papers

Why was there economic prosperity in American in the 1920s?I know that America on its surface was prosperous during the 1920s. I know this because of the physical signs, and the evidence I realize found supporting this concept. Some of the physical signs of the then prosperity are evident today, like the skyscrapers and Empire State building. There were the inventions of manufactured fabrics and materials such as Bakelite, artificial silk and Cellophane. Airlines carried almost half a million passengers a year, which compared to Europe at the same time, was a massive number of people. In this essay I will analyse all the reasons behind the economic prosperity in 1920. World War 1 assisted Americas latter prosperity. throughout the war American industry benefited, because countries that couldnt buy goods from Europe, did so from America. And along with this Europe bought products from America, products that they werent producing while they were fighting. Furthermore, during the Firs t World War, American banks lent notes to their European Allies. In the 1920s, this was being paid back with interest. The war had also led to advances in technology, such as mechanism and manufactured materials. Production of adjure Ore, coal, petrol and wheat and exportation of chemicals, wheat, iron and steal all had increased considerably by the end of the war. By the end of the war, America had decided to assign itself from the problems of Europe, and set itself about making the most profit in business. This isolationism built up the confidence of the American people. An increase in personal wealth, demand and yield production all helped Americas prosperity. Banks were eager to lend money to businesses and individuals. With this easy money, and the introduction of hire-purchase schemes, the demand for products increased. Consumer spending was incredibly high, which is reflected in the statistic that in 1920 there were 312 department stores, and by 1929 there were 1395. There was a consumer boom. Business profits rose by 80% during this period, which in turn raised(a) share dividends by 65%. Also some women had continued working as they had done through the war. Both of these elements contributed to giving people again, more money to spend. However, the availability of money was not the only reason for increased consumer spending. New inventions such as vacuum cleaners, refrigerators and washing machines became available, and advertising over the popular intercommunicate encouraged consumers to spend more on everyday products.

Saving The Animals? :: essays research papers fc

Saving the Animals? In Buffalo New York on October 23rd of last year, Dr. Barnett Slepian was murdered. He wasnt killed because of his financial status or because of a repugn he had with a patient. Someone who never really knew Dr. Slepian, someone who never met his family, a person who didnt agree with Dr. Slepians job, took his life. This is a great typeface to show how a disagreement in ideology can lead to actions that no one has the authority to take. An animal liberator bombing a bosom touch on plant is like the pro-life activist killing the doctor who performs abortions. Both of the actions dont achieve the results that are intended, they both claim that they help celebrate the lives of the innocent, and they are both hypocritical. The results that are wanted can not be achieved through causing pain and suffering to the opposing party. When a sniper took the life of Dr. Slepian he was trying to move the cause of pro-life forward. The end result was not what he had wanted the medical community was outraged and the people who believed in the adept to choose strengthened their resolve. This quote by Dr. Henry Morgentaler, the countrys best-known pro-abortion crusader, illustrates this point very accurately. "This is a sign of the moral bankruptcy of the so-called pro-life movement. It bespeaks their frustration and rage at the fact that they have not been able to convince the public of the rightness of their cause," (Cnn 2) The frustration that Dr. Morgentaler mentions is even further heighten when the pro-lifers see that their cause is regressing from public empathy. The example of the murder of Dr. Slepian is a good analogy to what the bombing of the meat processing plant would cause. The people in the mill would be massacred and the people who dont support the cause of animal liberation would be outraged. The intended result of lower consumption of animal meat would not be achieved because the public would not see the righteousness of th e cause and where there is contain for meat there will be suppliers to meet the demand, this is a basic law of economics. Even if the bomber would bomb every single meat-processing plant in the country, intrepid businessmen would find ways to meet the demand in the country. Murder has always been an unacceptable action in modern society.

The Future of Airports and New Larger Aircraft (NLA) Essay -- Aviation

The first airplanes carried only one individual. Today an average commercial airplane bequeath carry approximately four-hundred to five-hundred people. However, recently new larger aircraft (NLA) ready been designed to carry anywhere from five-hundred to eight-hundred persons. The need for NLAs has been recognized as demand for air travel continues to increase. Furthermore, by deploying larger aircraft the problem of capacity will be addressed more people on a plane will translate to a lower number of planes on the trail and maculation still cooperative the same number of passengers. The effects of these NLAs are far-reaching and potentially detrimental to airport management. By utilizing appropriate airport planning, managers can pass over the pitfalls link up to new larger aircraft.The first consideration which must be addressed is the runway. Is the length of the runway capable of supporting the NLAs? What about the weight down of the NLAs, how will they effect maintenance ? Do airports need to be redesigned to accommodate NLAs? Thankfully, many of these types of questions have been answered. Although the maximum takeoff weight of the A380 will be over 1.2 million pounds, new and better wing and higher performance engines willallow the aircraft to operate from the same runway lengths as existing B747-400s However, accommodating the aircrafts wingspan of close to 262 feet may require significant modifications to airfields at airports intending to serve the new large aircraft. Burns & McDonnell 2001Of course, heavier aircraft will adversely affect a runways integrity. Maintenance cycles will need to be amplified in order to remain operable. The key will be acting before the runway becomes unusable. The next iss... ...ess, trouble-free adaptation (Young and Well, pg. 473, 2011). This holistic approach aided the transition, thus far the future will present new problems as demand will possible increase and NLAs will be used more widely. Learning from th ose who have successfully accommodated NLAs can help airport managers who have yet to engage the giants of the air. Works CitedBurns & McDonnell, (2001). Whats you NLA? How will new large aircraft affect your airport facility? Retrieved on March 27, 2012. http//www.burnsmcd.com/Resource_/Issue/283/PdfFile/aviationreport2.pdfGomes de Barros, A., Wirasinghe, S., (1997). New aircraft characteristics related to airport planning. Retrieved on March 27, 2012. my.fit.edu/dkirk/3241/Lectures/Atrgpap.pdf Young, S., and Wells, A., (2011). Airport planning and management. 6th Edition. New York, New York. McGraw-Hill Professional.

Washington Square :: Essays Papers

Washington SquareIm depressed. Well, how could I not be? I just finished reading Washington Square. Im happy its over, but Im not happy I finished it. No, that doesnt make sense does it? Lets just say, I had a feeling how it was going to end up I just hoped that I would be wrong. Unfortunately the one time I didnt want to be right I was. Isnt that the way it always works? I guess so. Catherine, dear plain old, Catherine. Poor girl, father thinks shes plain, she thinks shes plain, her aunty thinks shes plain, even the humankind who she thinks loves her thinks shes plain. Although James erases this thought in the beginning of the book I still believe it, plain equals ugly. I feel so bad for her but I guess you had to have what happened to her happen, or else we wouldnt have such a depressing story. I spot you though, Im glad my daddy isnt rich or I would swear off guys as well. I felt so solemn when I knew before her what Morris was like.Which brings me to Morris Towns end. Hes a rat, I smelt a rat from the beginning but I figured it was just because for me guys for the closely(prenominal) part are always rats. But of course he was after her money, she was plain and her father was rich no her father wasnt rich. By god he was rich. So Catherines got a big dowry, lots of money, but shes plain. Oh, well the money will compensate. This shows you the kind of man he is. Well at least it erases the theory that women are gold diggers.James makes the reader dislike Catherines father. He makes him seem like an insensitive uncaring prick, but I really dont think he is. Yes I know parents are supposed to think that their child is the most beautiful thing in the world but hey, that theorys over rated. Its not that he didnt love his missy he just knew the truth. He was realistic about the entire idea of this strikingly handsome man falling head over heals in love with his daughter who isnt the greatest looking chick in the world. Something doesnt quite fit.

Washington Square :: Essays Papers

Washington SquareIm depressed. Well, how could I not be? I just finished read Washington Square. Im happy its everyplace, but Im not happy I finished it. No, that doesnt make find does it? Lets just say, I had a feeling how it was going to end up I just hoped that I would be wrong. Unfortunately the one time I didnt want to be right I was. Isnt that the way it always works? I guess so. Catherine, dear plain old, Catherine. Poor girl, fuck off thinks shes plain, she thinks shes plain, her aunt thinks shes plain, even the man who she thinks loves her thinks shes plain. Although James erases this thought in the beginning of the book I still cerebrate it, plain equals ugly. I feel so bad for her but I guess you had to have what happened to her happen, or else we wouldnt have such a depressing story. I tell you though, Im glad my daddy isnt rich or I would swear off guys as well. I felt so horrible when I knew before her what Morris was like.Which brings me to Morris Tow nsend. Hes a rat, I smelt a rat from the beginning but I figured it was just because for me guys for the most part are always rats. But of course he was after her notes, she was plain and her fetch was rich no her father wasnt rich. By god he was rich. So Catherines got a big dowry, lots of money, but shes plain. Oh, well the money will compensate. This shows you the kind of man he is. Well at least it erases the theory that women are gold diggers.James makes the reader dislike Catherines father. He makes him seem like an insensitive uncaring prick, but I really dont think he is. Yes I know parents are supposed to think that their child is the most beautiful thing in the world but hey, that theorys over rated. Its not that he didnt love his daughter he just knew the truth. He was realistic about the entire idea of this strikingly handsome man falling head over heals in love with his daughter who isnt the greatest looking chick in the world. Something doesnt quite fit.

Need for speed Essay

The hope to innovate and to improve is one of the most precious human feelings because it is this very same desire that has paved the road to progress in parliamentary procedure. At the outset, the first requires were useful but not efficient enough that people could ride on them only if goods and commodities could be transported. One of the reasons why is because safety and comfort werent a top priority for the railroad owner he or she just cute to maximize his or her profit. Then, James Watt and his steam engine came about and rocked the world into the Industrial Revolution, a time when railroads were constantly being built in all over Europe.Cities grew, economies boomed and busted, and economies and cultures became intertwined so that a small business man who lives in Lille, France or Barcelona, Spain had to travel to Ukraine or Italy for a business deal as quick as possible (as quickly as possible since now, as opposed to the relaxed and laid back past, time is money). So engineers were needed to devise a inculcate that could travel at very fast speeds while keeping energy consumption as low as possible.The Japanese started the race for faster heights speed trains with their bullet trains, the French countered with the TGV, and many other companies came out with their own high speed trains Acela, Eurostar, and the Shinkansen, among others 3. The increase in competition benefitted the consumer, the individual needing to get crosswise the continent because now he or she had a choice between different trains, each known for a specific accommodation. For example, TGV was an electric train so the energy consumption of the trains is very low.However, it is little noisier than other lines so the trade off is subjective to the persons taste. Eventually, all the train lines would try to symmetry energy consumption, safety, speed, and comfort in order to provide the smoothest trip they could possibly offer. 4 In essence, aerodynamics is the interaction of air on an object 7. In the circumstance of high speed trains, the aerodynamics of the train depends on many factors aerodynamic drag, pressure variations inside train, train-induced iow, cross-wind effects, ground effects, pressure waves inside delve, impulse waves at the exit of dig, noise and vibration.8 Ultimately, finding solutions to these problems will result in a faster and smoother train ride, so it becomes imperative to identify the factors that advert each of these so one can manipulate them, if possible, to ones needs. However, having so many factors that affect the aerodynamics of a train, one can actually begin to see how complex this problem is for engineers since every change made to the train or the tracks could cost the companies owning them a huge amount of money for regular(a) the smallest of changes.Specifically, the invention of the high speed train has revolutionized long distance ground transportation since it has provided people with a much faster way t o travel, sometimes elusion a seven hour long trip to three hours However, to reduce such a trip so significantly, the path from city to city (in this broadcast Boston to Washington D. C. ) must be as direct as possible 2. This means that in some cases a tunnel must be built through a mountain to allow for a high speed train to pass through the mountain and get to its destination as quickly as possible.In terms of high speed trains, there are many different types, each with its values and disadvantages. For example, the world renown TGV It has huge advantage in that it can use the same railroad lines as local trains so the cost of making railroad tracks is reduced. However, one of the disadvantages is that using these same train tracks, just the mere fact that the TGV uses the same tracks as local trains means that the TGV limits the size and specifications of local trains because the wake of the TGV causes a wind tunnel that affects the trains behind it.1 2 In terms of what the future has in store, trains havent even started to reach their limit. From regular train to the high speed train, the speed was increased. The TGV is an obvious example of this pitch contour given that it broke the record for the fasted train, maxing out at 357 mph. The next step is along the lines of the Japanese Maglev taking friction out of the equation, the Maglev has the competency to greatly reduce the drag and the vibration in the train, thus making the train that much faster.In the foreseeable future, there is a concept that would lift out the Maglev above and beyond its achievements so far an evacuated tube is a massive vacuum in a tube stretching for miles and miles. Interestingly, if this method is knowing and works, it may potentially reap the benefits since the beginning. This occurs because air drag takes such a significant amount of energy out of the system (the system being be as the train) that minimizing it to a negligible level could immediately save millions upon millions of dollars 8 9.On the other hand, there are changes that have been made to the train itself rather than to the surroundings surrounding it. The Japanese Hayabusas nose is angled and sleek so it can eliminate tunnel boom, the sound of a train leaving a tunnel. Tunnel boom is caused by a fast train pressurizing the air in front of it as it goes through a tunnel until it comes out of the tunnel with the pressurized air and makes a very loud sound.Trains in the past had a smaller tunnel boom that occurred right before the train left the tunnel (the sound of a train coming from inside a tunnel) however, now that the trains are that much faster, they catch up to the pressurized air and come out together, creating formative interference, to make a bigger sound 5. Furthermore, the French Alstrom developed an upgraded TGV called the AGV. What was interesting about how the French upgraded the TGV is that they took the power system of the TGV and completely transformed it now it has the mental ability of generating higher speeds at a fraction of the original TGV energy consumption.Dont forget that the TGV was designed as an electric train, so to have a power system that can do more with less energy is a huge advancement 5 In conclusion, the fact remains that the fast paced society of today has geared people to want to do everything more quickly. Following this train of thought, it makes sense that high speed trains are the future in transportation. throughout history, people have shown a want, a need for speed.Works Cited 1 Fox News. Associated Press. http//www. foxnews. com/story/0,2933,263542,00.html (accessed July 15th, 2012) 2 Plumer, Brad. The Washington Post. http//www. washingtonpost. com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/07/16/amtraks-151-billion-high-speed-rail-plan-are-there-cheaper-options/ (accessed July 15th, 2012) 3 European Railway Server. TGVweb. http//www. trainweb. org/tgvpages/history. html(accessed July 17th, 2012) 4 http//www. buzzle. com/art icles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-maglev-trains. html 5 Railway-Technology. com. On Track. http//www. railway-technology. com/features/feature117829/(accessed July 15th, 2012).6 James, Randy. snip U. S. http//www. time. com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1892463,00. html (accessed July 16th, 2012) 7 Bopp, Rudolf Hagenah, Bernd. Gruner. http//www. gruner-gmbh. at/aktuelles_gmbh_at/pdf_pool/D_HAB_Porto. pdf 8 Raghunathan, Raghu S. Setoguchi, T. Progress in Aerospace Sciences. Aerodynamics of high-speed railway train http//ompldr. org/vMXlsOA/Aerodynamics_HSR02. pdf 9 Hoffman, Carl. Popsci Trans-Atlantic Maglev. http//www. popsci. com/scitech/article/2004-04/trans-atlantic-maglev.

Ethical Consumer and Fair Trade

QUESTION 3Choose one of the suppositious approhes considered during the module, apply it to a particular issue or textual matter and discuss how useful that approach is in analyzing, evaluating or questioning your chosen topic. Ethical Consumer and ordinary Trade Introduction Social responsibility and trade morality ar natively controversial , continues research in this area represents conflicts and challenges addressed to marketers in respect to socially responsible approach to marketing activities(Laczniak and Murphy, 1993 Smith and Quelch, 1996).The aim of the rise is to explain a move up phenomenon of Ethical consumption by the use of related theoretical frameworks, as well as explaining Fair Trade and paradoxes of ethical consumption in respect to the use of tyke labour by western MNCs. The essay will be structured as follows the rise of ethical consumption , theoretical approaches and critics ,business aspect of ethical consumption, explaining Fair Trade , paradox of ch ild labour.Escalation of ethical concerns about the influence of modern consumption culture on social club and the environment, the rising slope importance of these environmental and social issues within mainstream media, the emergence of organised consumer activist groups and the growing availability of ethical products, have all led to a rising awareness by consumers of the impact of their purchasing and consumption behaviour.In addition (Rob Harrison, 2005) provide external concomitantors which have atri exactlyed to the rise of ethical consumtion the globalisation of market combined with the alter role of the state, the rise of MNCs and brands, rise of campainging groups, enviroment as well as social effects of technological advance, shift in market power to consumers , and the harvest-feast of a wider corporate responsibility. Rise of Ethical consumption A new category of consumer the ethical consumer has arisen.Ethical consumerism can be view as a work which contribute s to an ecologically sustainable future through development of sustainable lifestyles. Characteristics of ethical consumer includes both fairness in the sense of support for producers as well as environmental sustainability. Thus rise of the ethical consumer and ethical shopping via recycling and boycotts over the past decade displays concern for sustainable consumption and social responsibility. Consumers, as a concerned party, can orient their choice and exercise purchaser power to buy the products which were made with the least harm to the environment.Furtherto a greater extent this process the consumer becomes connected to, and an ready participant in, global social and environmental issues. Ethics will contain different expressions, concerns and issues for each individual. Examples of ethical concerns for the ethically conscious include environmental/ thou issues, sustainability concerns, labours rights, country of origin, arms trade, fair trade and animal welfare. Green consu merism, it should be noted, is subsumed within the broader category of ethical consumerism.The wider range of issues (including environmentalism) integrated within ethical consumerism produces multiplex decision-making processes for ethically minded consumers (Freestone and McGoldrick, 2008). Theoretical Approach Baumhart (1961) and Tzalikis and Frizsche (1989) propose that the morale issues in marketing are crucial ,as marketing is expected to detect , anticipate and receive customer desires profitably , thus forming and sustaining the interface between consumer needs and companies market aspirations.There are problems in achieving a general agreement on the ethics in marketing stem resulted from the lack of uniform philosophical arguments of what is good and whereas good and ethical have matching meaning. Kants (1788) had an utilitarian and deontological views on ethics ground on reason,intention and duty. He states that duties cannot be connected with self-interest expressed i n expected payoffs or rewards. Hence businesses should not exist to satisfy the needs of the society and companies have a responsibility, a moral obligation to deliver benefits to the society..Using Kants ethical theory as a reference point it can be argued that it pay off for companies to appear ethical their expectations of enlarged sales , market share and profitability to appear as motivated by objective some other than self-interest(Yeo,1988) In contrast John Mills (1998) ,has utilitarian view based on the outcome indicating that business ethics should maximize the total amount of enjoyment worldwide and minimise the total amount of pain consequently enhancing the scope of beneficiaries.Mills associate ethics with the common good rather than self-interest. Nantel and Weeks(1996) argues that the use of ethics in marketing is a paradox in itself as the meaning of marketing, which is predominantly utilitarian , provides marketing managers with the justification for ethical beha viour when they ensure that the consequences of their behaviour are moral. In addition, in international marketing the problem becomes even more(prenominal) complex and important as the common good should transcend country borders.Crane and Matten (2004) stresses the fact that their is no moral absolutes and hence the implication of what is moral is based on the social context of the society in which they are practised. Hence in marketing terms ethical relativism can justify diverse ethical standards applied to various countries and evolve over time. Besides , this forms a need for marketing variation within a particular market over time as the social culture, knowledge and technology change across markets at a effrontery time. phone line aspect of Ethical Consumption n order to support ethical behaviour companies and industry organisations have adopt codes of ethics or relied on self-regulation , consumer watchdogs, or external audit. Yet , these efforts alone are not enough to abolish unethical conduct. Businesses have been relatively passive in investigate their in marketing ethics and are still operating according to traditional business models and process that do not reflect consumer interests and ethical implications of their activity oft continue afterthought and are yet to be thoroughly incorporated into management decision-making.The contingency framework can accelerate this pre-emptive approach to ethical decision-making. To set ethics into firms mean and strategy formulation process , marketers should learn from consumers ethical evaluation of their marketing techniques (Smith and Cooper-Martin 1997). An ethical execution of the marketing program. In addition to monetary , market, and competitive objectives, marketers should include consumer concerns and ethical integrity as important criteria for management decision making .Furthermore, ethics must be matched throughout the marketing planning process from product development, market selecti on , advertising and promotion execution. Fair Trade The fair trade concept, based on the idea of both stinting activity and social development, is replete with ethical and sustainable echoes. Ransom (2002 p 20) asks, can the process of production be democratized, ownership shared, organized labor encouraged, child labor made unnecessary, environmental sustainability and human rights promoted? This is likely to happen through the established process of consumerism, the normal working process of the market changed only somewhat to make sure that a greater share of the profit is repaid to the original producers. Fair Trade is a new approach to the buyer-supplier transactions which aims at spirit of exchange within a partnership approach. It is recognizes the power discrepancy between the developing and developed worlds(Strong, 1996). The business focus is on the producer , rather than the consumer , has been exchange to Fair Trade.Although there is controversy about Fair Trade with the large corporations like Cadbury, Tescos , Tate and many more entering the market for FairTrade. The market for slightly traded products. The market for fairly traded products reached sales of ? 576m a year ,one out of five worldwide Fair Trade product are sold in the UK. Dr Iain Davies states that initial principles of the movement are being diluted by MNCs entering market as well as the fact that consumer might not paying(a) attention to the fact that how much in percentages this product is Fair traded exactly.Fair trade become a trendy brand itself . Research is not about blaming corporations, but is about making sure that people know that buying Fair trade-marked products from corporations is not the same as buying from companies that are 100 percent employ such as Traidcraft, Divine or Cafedirect. However, Dr. Iain Daviess also confirms that consumers can rest assured that, everywhere the Fairtrade mark appears on a product, the producers co-op have standard the Fair tra de price and premium which they use for social schemes like healthcare and education, or business developments.The rise of fair trade goods in retail and on the Internet can be said to have created decisively, in the sense that it was promoted through co-operation and campaigning events of social groups such as charities, small businesses, and conjunction groups. The market in contrast has grown throughout consumer decisions based on individual ethics. Child Labour Today, there are around 215 million children regular employed throughout the world. In order to explain the issue of child labour, theoretical framework described earlier in the essay will be applied.Deontologist might reject to buy product made by child labour on principle, reasoning that this is violet a fundamental moral swayer against the exploitation of children. However the paradox arise when one is faced with the argument that the fate of children is worsened by this action as the vital source of family income w hitethorn be reduced. In respect to utilitarian approach, consumer might buy products made by the use of child labour, since not to do so would cause more damage than good. it might be incorrect to force corporations to dismiss their child workers.The main cause for children doing work is poverty. Earning money is an inevitable necessity for them. If they must withstand up their work in Western companies, they are forced to interchange them for something else, and this might not be to their benefit. For example when the U. S. government banned the import of turn made by children labour under 14 in Bangladesh, around 50. 000 of them went from their works in the comparatively clean textile factories to collecting garbage, braking bricks and getting into prostitution.Moreover, political economy models in certain conditions (where demand is assumed to be an elastic variable) product boycotts even can cause child labour to rise rather than decline. destination It is difficult to draw specific conclusions about the merit of ethical behavior, nor the imperfections of unethical behavior given the contradictory research evidence. Consumers do seem to need more information to allow them to make better ethical judgments, and there is a role for firms to communicate this more efficiently through the media. Similarly, consumers need to more advantageously be able to compare and contrast the ethical ehavior of different businesses and their products if ethical values are to enter into their purchase decisions. Bibliography Harrison, Rob, Terry Newholm, and Deirdre Shaw. The Ethical Consumer. London SAGE, 2005. Print. Nicholls, Alex, and Charlotte Opal. Fair Trade Market-Driven Ethical Consumption Paperback. Fair Trade Market-Driven Ethical Consumption Alex Nicholls, Charlotte Opal 9781412901055 Amazon. com Books. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. Carrigan, Marylyn. International Marketing Review. Emerald. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Mar. 013. Bondy, Tierney. journal of Busi ness Ethics. Springer. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. Matthew Adams and Jayne Raisborough Journal of Business Ethics (2010) 97139158 Isabelle Szmigin, Marylyn Carrigan and Morven G. McEachern International Journal of Consumer Studies ISSN 1470-6423 Anne-Marie Coles, Lisa Harris Journal of Research for Consumers Issue 10, 2006 Carrigan, Marylyn and Attalla ,Ahmad Journal Of Consumer Marketing, VOL. 18 NO. 7 2001, pp. 560-577 Tierney Bondy Vishal Talwar Journal of Business Ethics (2011) 101365383Read also Disadvantages of Ethics in the Workplace

The Importance Of Motivation In The Language Classroom Education Essay

Motivation is one of the biggest thrusts of determineing a second lingual conversation and it is a cardinal portion of what a instructor faces every twenty- iv hours. The English course of study for primary and secondary schooldays clearly states that it is a instructor s duty to kindle and excite each and every pupil s exit to larn and to turn. Being able to promote pupils and derive sign from co-workers and p arnts is an built-in portion of the decease of MFL instructors. ( Teaching Agency, 2012 )The MFL topic has nt played much(prenominal) an of result function in the National Curriculum in the yesteryear that ability be due that victorious a lingual chat as a GCSE topic is and was non mandatory.What is the EBC?The EBacc was introduced as a public presentation step in the 2010 public presentation tabular arraies. The step recognises where students catch secured a C class or better in GCSEs or accredited international GCSEs ( iGCSEs ) across a nucleus of topics E nglish, mathematics, both scientific disciplines, history or geographics and a linguistic communication ( including Modern Foreign Languages ( MFL ) or ancient linguistic communications ) . ( Sam Clemens, 2011 )However, surveies implant that with the de yet of the new English Baccalaureate Certificates ( EBCs ) pupils demand to larn a linguistic communication could alter.It exitms to me that at the students do non see the intent for larning a linguistic communication as the general premise is every one speaks English For many in the UK, English is their first and lone linguistic communication. On evidences of functionality, wherefore would they intrust to acquire their caputs around the grammar, vocabulary and literature of aliens? They comfort themselves with the belief that everyone speaks English when that s non true of 75 % of the universe s population. ( The Observer, Sunday 26 June 2011 )This paper will look for motive in the secondary school category room with the focal topographic point specifically on larning a 2nd linguistic communication, L2. First I will research what is meant by Motivation, I take it is utterly of instant that the reader understand what is meant with the term motive as this term is examined throughout this research paper. The 2nd portion of the essay will analyse motivational factors and motivational jobs. It will timbre at what motivates human existences and what does non compel them. This is valuable as it is portion of a instructor s tool box if he/she wants to act upon their pupils motive. In decision this essay will look at motivational schemes a instructor back use to act upon pupils motive.What is meant with the term Motivation?To reply the inquiry of what is motive 1 has to detect that the squad is rightfully various. The Latin verb motivus , a signifier of movere which means to travel and as a force is related to the importance of motive. Generally Motivation is described as end orientated beha vior. A definition of the word motive ability be factors within a human world or different touch on being that arouse and direct goal-oriented behavior ( britannica.com, Motivation ) . Gardner and Masgoret put forward that Motivation refers to goal-directed behavior ( californium, Heckhausen, 1991 ) , and when one is trying to mensurate motive, attending, female genitals be directed toward a Numberss of characteristics of the person. ( Gardner and Masgoret, 2003 )A broad scope of literature has been written on that subject and at that place be many different thoughts out at that place on what Motivates people and pupils .Every homo being has different committedness demands. Those need differ from single to single as everybody has their single desires to propel themselves. Depending on how motivated we atomic number 18, it do-nothing find the attempt we put into our work and hence increase the criterion of the productiveness.Motivation has been contemplated as one of th e most of import constituents lending to linguistic communication larning success. Research over the last decennaries has over and over once to a greater extent underlined the of import place of motive in self-made linguistic communication skill. ( Gardner & A Lambert, Deci and Ryan, Ushioda, Dornyei ) .Two of the taking theories covering with 2nd linguistic communication acquisition were proposed by Stephen Krashen and J.H. Schumann.Krashen s thought was that linguistic communication acquisition is a subconscious and natural procedure during which the scholar improves with real-life pattern. Grammar-translation violates about every constituent of the Input Hypothesis, and it is hence predicted that this method will hold the consequence of seting the pupil on the defensive ( Stephen D Krashen, P 129, 1982 )While Schumann s socialization theoretical account spirited spots an integration of the scholars mark linguistic communication, civilization and community. Harmonizing to Schumann the scholar regards the TL talkers as a mention group whose life expressive style and values he consciously or unconsciously desires to follow. ( Schumann, P 340, 1986 )Both theories can be utilise in the schoolroom for a positive consequence.What does Motivation intend for the linguistic communication schoolroom?I believe it is highly of import to understand how motive works in the schoolroom. There are endless processs instructors use to add through coveted effects from their pupils, but there are overall forms these motivational tools follow. In ordination for instructors to convey with their pupils, they must place with their demands on an idiosyncratic footing.This purpose is matching to Maslow s hierarchy of acquires, which states basic demands must be met to obtain rich motive. These demands, in go uping distinguish, are as follows Physiological Needs, Safety and Security Needs, Love and Belongingness Needs, Self-Worth and Self-Esteem Needs, the Need to Know an d Understand, Aesthetic Needs, the Need for Self-Actualization ( D. Martin and K. Joomis, Constructing Teachers A Constructivist Approach to Introducing Education, pp. 72-75.1997 ) .The most of import point about Maslow theory is for pupils to hold a educational end and that acquisition is taking topographic point.Another of import factor is to do this freshly gained cognition and information purposeful every bit good as meaning(prenominal) to pupils so that it whitethorn be retained. Besides pupils should see the intent for retaining the cognition and how they could utilize it throughout their lives.An indispensable factor touch on in run intoing these ends is motive. If the pupils are unmotivated in one manner or another, it is likely that barely any acquisition will take topographic point or it is really likely that cognition will non be retained.This theory had a great impact on educational progressions. In his ulterior old ages, Maslow realised that an environmental stipulat ion of stimulation, or challenge, was infallible to actuate persons.Maslow s first demand of physiological satisfactoriness is really basic. This inquiry merely asks if pupils are in a prosperous and safe environing for their acquisition. In apparent English, are pupils hungry, excessively cold, excessively hot and is the environment exciting to larn in? If a pupil s corporal surrounding does non fit decently with the pupil s demand, he/she will non be encouraged to larn or to make any higher demand.Similarly, if pupils do non experience safe ( via the 2nd demand, security ) , they will non be able to concentrate larning something. Consistent outlooks and the accepting and non- discretional attitude of the instructors can besides bring forrader pupils who feel secured and confident in their instructors. On the juncture that a pupil feels threatened by another pupil or by the instructor, he/she may non come on every bit good as hoped. Further more in many instances, he/she revert s from the financial statement instead than reacting to it. In order to drop-off feelings of menace, a instructor can attest feelings of protection and love, which is the 3rd hierarchical demand.The demand for the sense of love and belonging in pupils are of import both in the teacher-student relationships or in the student-student relationships. A instructor s personality should be empathic, considerate and interested in the persons, patient, carnival, holding positive attitude and being good hearer. Teachers who watch these features will supply the pupils with more assurance and accordingly students will be able to larn and better better in their surveies. With compliments to the pupil to student relationships instructors should promote peer tutoring or category meetings. By holding good relationships with instructors and equals, pupils will hold fulfilled their demand to belong, and besides have the feeling of being cared and loved.In Maslow s 4th demand, respect, a instruct or must be careful non to overload on both unfavorable judgment and congratulations. Students must experience as if they deserve congratulations in order for them to absorb difficult work with congratulations. Teachers besides should non bury that unfavorable judgment, even when applied right, can damage students feelings and can make a deficiency of motive. Students must experience the demand of self-respect and to be respected by the others. Teachers should get subdue develop new cognition based on the background cognition, they besides have to assist to guarantee success ( scaffolding ) and to gait instructions to agree single demands. Teachers should besides concentrate on the person s strengths and assets when be aftering lessons and transporting them out.To fulfill the following demand of understanding and cognition, the instructors should let the pupils clip to research countries of delight in and to supply lessons that are intellectually disputing. By utilizing the find attack subjects, the pupils can larn to be independent and larn from assorted angles. By acquiring involved intellectually, the pupils can fulfill their demand to carry through their demand to research, discover and work out new things. Teachers must besides be careful to avow authorization nevertheless, they must besides esteem pupils for their attempts.The demand for aesthetic is besides really of import for the pupils. By forming schoolroom stuffs in a neat and likeable manner, the pupils will be attracted to larn about the things related to the stuffs. Pleasing, good maintained and fresh smelling schoolrooms with attractive wall hangings can make stableness in the pupils who will experience comfy to analyze in such surrounding.The highest demand in the Maslow s hierarchy of demands is the demand for self realization.Teachers anticipating the pupils to make their best will force the pupils to use their ain potency and at the same clip to fulfill their ain demand of self fulfi llment.By giving the pupils freedom to research and detect on their ain, the instructors are able to do larning more meaningful for the pupilsA pupil who fails to accomplish any of the old quad demands may non be motivated to go on in the academic scene because of the intensions of defeat and misgivings in the instruction system.While Maslow s hierarchy makes sense from a sociology point of position, there are defects in his theory.When Maslow undertook his research he did nt take 3rd universe states in consideration. There frequently safety is non given or their might non even experience comfy with in their environment, nevertheless, acquisition is still taking topographic point, as pupils are motivated by other factors. Thus might be hope of a better life, being cognizant that geting a 2nd linguistic communication will let them to go forth their milieus one twenty-four hours. point in the UK as informant and my first school arrangement the first basic demand of Physiological Ne ed was non fulfilled. Their some pupils came to school without holding had breakfast in the forenoon. The environment they had to larn in was non in my point of you educational exciting as Windowss could be closed or opened. Therefore, frequently pupils were to hot or excessively cold. However and this is of import to indicate out larning took topographic point. Therefore, the inquiry arouses wherefore is that so if the first demand was nt fulfilled why did nt pupils make a higher degree anyhow?As mentioned before a broad scope of literature has been written on Motivation and there are many different thoughts out at that place on what Motivates pupils . Every pupil has different demands. Those need differ from single to single as everybody has their single desires to actuate themselves.Gardner and Lambert ( 1959, 1972 ) have done radical work to look at the nature of motive specifically to linguistic communication surveies. Gardner high spots in a paper from 2007 that Motivation t o larn a 2nd linguistic communication is non a simple concept.It can non be thrifty by one graduated table possibly the whole scope of motive can non be assessed by even trinity or four graduated tables. It decidedly can non be assessed by simply inquiring persons to give grounds for why they think larning a linguistic communication is of import to them. ( Gardner, 2007 )In 1982 Gardner and Lambert ( 19723 ) defined two different types of motive1 ) A Instrumental motive the desire to larn a linguistic communication because it would carry through certain useful ends, such as acquiring aA occupation, go throughing an scrutiny, etc.2 ) A Integrative motive Gardner s position is based on that the integratively motivated pupil is one who is motivated to larn the 2nd linguistic communication, has an openness to designation with the other linguistic communication community, and has a favourable attitude towards the acquisition state of affairs. ( Gardner and Masgoret, 2003 )Different iations have been made in the literature between integrative and instrumental motive. However, Penny suggests ( 2005276 ) that, research since so has cast uncertainty on the application of this claim to foreign linguistic communication scholars in general.A In any instance, at least one other survey has indicated that it may be impossible in pattern to separate between the two.An alternate differentiation, perchance more utile for instructors, is that between intrinsic motive ( the impulse to prosecute in the acquisition act for its ain interest ) and extrinsic ( motive that is derived from external inducements ) . AHuman existences in general are so different from each other. This does nt merely use to people but to pupils besides. Different pupils get motivated by different factors, therefore might be motivated per se or extrinsically.Up to a certain age pupils tend to acquire motivated by the possibility of having a dainty. Those dainty could be in the signifier of Sweets or more often used as witnessed by myself merit spines. When I was a kid within the German instruction system we would have small casts in the signifier of bees in the dorsum of our prep journal. We besides received classs from the first twelvemonth a pointedness. This besides was extremely actuating. Even so it merely extrinsically motivated us as pupils until we saw the intent of acquisition and our motive changed into intrinsic motive. We both types of motive I can see flaws. What happens if no wages system is introduces with in the schoolroom environment through classs, Sweets or virtues spines will larn still take topographic point? And on the other manus how do you actuate a kid to prosecute in larning for its ain interest?Captured within extrinsic and intrinsic motive are the thoughts of positive and contradict support. These incentives are normally used in schoolrooms in order to arouse a desire to accomplish in pupils. Positive support is a manner of adding a enjoyable expe rience to a pupils head in order to prosecute that student. Praise is a common signifier of this a instructor who decently utilizes congratulations commends the student for his or her peculiar piece of work, non personal qualities that make the work particular.However, a instructor must be every bit sensitive to different civilizations as to the bulk civilization. Hitz and Driscoll ( 1989 ) point out that pupils from different socioeconomic categories, ability degrees, and genders may non react in the same manner to praise and may do pupils experience less worthy if they do non invariably receive congratulations.Self-government TheoryDeci and Ryan ( 1985 ) introduced self-government theory and claimed that motive has three orientations viz. amotivation, extrinsic, and intrinsic. Amotivation takes topographic point when pupils do non value the activity that they are making, do non experience competent, and do non believe that the activity will profit them or take to a desired result ( Deci & A Ryan, 2000 ) .Extrinsic and intrinsic orientations are distinguished by whether the wages received is external such as having good classs or avoiding penalty, or internal, such as enjoyment and satisfaction in making a certain activity ( Dornyei, 1994 ) . When pupils are motivated because of a wages or effects that they will have for making or non making an activity, they are said to be extrinsically motivated.Deci and Ryan ( 2000 ) put extrinsic motive into four ordinances harmonizing to their degree of orientation toward self-government. External ordinance is the least self-determined extrinsic motive. Students who are externally regulated are those who do an activity due to an external wages or other considerations. The following degree is introjected ordinance. Students in this degree of extrinsic motive do non taste making an activity but they have a system of wages and penalty that is internally governed. The 3rd degree is identified ordinance where pupils are mo re self-determined. Students in this degree are engage in an activity because they get the pictured that the activity is valuable to them. Finally, the most self-determined of extrinsic motive is integrated ordinance. This ordinance is performed by pupils who do non merely make the activity because the societal value says it is of value to them, but they do it because they themselves value the activity. This orientation resembles DornyeiaYs ideal ego ( 2005 ) in that all the properties that one would wish to possess can work as a really powerful incentive. It is besides really similar to intrinsic motive, yet at this phase pupils do non needfully bask making the undertakings.In some state of affairss, nevertheless, congratulations is non appropriate to supervise and modify pupils? behaviors. In general, behavior and attitude are highly of import aspects in the kingdom of motive, and instructors must be cognizant of agencies to halt behavior that is harmful to his, or other pupils larning. In some instances, the usage of negative support is appropriate. The construct of negative support is hard to learn and larn because the word negative confuses the significance, but the construct refers to beef up ing a behavior because a negative status is stopped or avoided as a effect of the behaviour. ? ( Levine, 1999 ) .In the schoolroom, this would be warning a pupil to halt a riotous behavior, such as researching inappropriate web sites on the Internet. Rather than utilize a wages to corrupt pupils to remain on undertaking, instructors can take away a positive force to take away the negative action. Many pupils are motivated by the chance of delighting the instructor, hence avoiding negative support, which can be abashing to a pupil.These general forms of motive are utile in the schoolroom, but instructors must besides be cognizant of a altering society in order to provide to pupils demands. In today s universe where 10 twelvemonth olds can easy pull strings throug h the cyberspace, instructors must he skilled in ways to use engineering in a schoolroom sceneAutonomyUshioda ( 2001 ) claimed that liberty is the demand to experience volitional.It is the province in which pupils perceive themselves as holding some picks in making a certain undertaking including a pick non to make the undertaking.Autonomy is one of the metacognitive elements that are needed in motivational behavior when acquisition. It is an attitude towards larning where pupils are responsible for their ain acquisition. It has been closely tied with the fulfillment of one s demands that creates intrinsic motive ( Deci & A Ryan, 1985 ) . Dickinson ( 1995 ) argued that it leads to a better and more effectual accomplishment. Dornyei and Csizer ( 1998 ) listed advancing studentsaY liberty as one of the Ten Commandment that instructors have to maintain in head in heightening studentsaY motive.Motivational SchemesLast, Dornyei and Csizer ( 1998215 ) performed an extended study where t hey investigated how 200 Magyar instructors of English worked with actuating their pupils during category. They came up with 10 of the most used schemes and these can be seen as a concise overview of what has antecedently been presented1. Set a personal illustration with your ain behavior .If the instructor acts as he/she would desire the pupils to move, the opportunities are greater that they really will so by demoing that the topic is merriment, interesting and of import this attitude might be transmitted to the pupils.2. Create a pleasant, relaxed atmosphere in the schoolroom .If the ambiance is pleasant, the pupils are more likely to hold the bravery to show themselves in a 2nd linguistic communication, something which can frequently experience intimidating for many.3. Present the undertakings decently If the undertakings are presented decently the pupils are less likely to happen content and assignments to be confounding and thereby lose motive to work because they do non understand what to make.4. Develop a good relationship with the scholars .If the instructor has a good relationship with the pupils, they are more likely to experience comfy and unafraid during category. This will so increase the opportunities of the pupils experiencing motivated to larn the topic.5. Increase the scholars lingual assurance .If the pupils assurance is increased, they are more likely to experience it is deserving their while to analyze and larn. Without assurance, the pupils tend to believe that it does non count whether they study or non, they will non win in the terminal anyhow.6. remove the linguistic communication classes interesting .If the content of the English categories are perceived as interesting by the pupils, they are more likely to desire to larn it.7. Promote scholar liberty .If the pupils learn how to work by themselves during category and to win after holding taken charge of an assignment themselves, this might do them see that they accompl ished this by themselves and thereby actuate them to go on acquisition.8. Personalize the acquisition procedure .If the acquisition procedure is personalized, which in this instance refers to the utilizing of relevant stuff and the integrating of the pupils ain personalities in the content of the topic, the pupils are more likely to encompass what is to be learned.9. Increase the scholars goal-orientedness .If the instructor helps the pupils to put ends for themselves of what they want to carry through and larn, it becomes easier for the pupils to concretize how they need to travel about it in order to make the end. This manner, a end does non resemble an unsurmountable obstruction which might meddle with the pupils motive to larn an L2.10. Familiarize scholars with the mark linguistic communication civilization .If the pupils know about the English states and their civilizations, the pupils attitudes towards the linguistic communication might better and thereby rendering the linguistic communication more interesting and actuating to larn.

Describe the military tactics used by both the Vietcong and USA in Vietnam in the 1960s

During the Vietnam War strategies and manoeuvre became the main foundation of the battles. There were many ways twain sides fought, and also many changes the way they fought.The Americans first simulated military operation consisted of various methods of war.One method they used to help them win the war was to control the skies, this meant watching over their battle ground, which was in the county side, and bombing suspected hiding places in which they thought that the Vietcong were hiding. This was called Operation Rolling Thunder. The operation was a costly misadventure that wasted a lot of time as it lasted 3 years as opposed to the original 8 weeks stated. It was also expensive be exercise of the cost of the bombs. This waste of money had to be paid by American citizens who were generally not too happy.Another tactic the Americans tried to use was to try and re-educate the South Vietnamese people. The main project of this re-education was to stop the South Vietnamese from helping the Vietcong forces in such ways as a hiding place or giving them food supplies. Although this method was effective, it did not manage to for fill its main idea. So for a quick to their problems, they used the Strategic Hamlets Policy, which forced the South Vietnamese to be moved, and South Vietnamese leader Diem also demanded that they had to pay for their movement. This caused commotion amongst the South Vietnamese people.The Americans tried to use their to a greater extent advanced(a) technology to their advantage by using advanced weapons such as M60 machine guns, MP40 sub-machine guns and B52 Bomber aircraft (That was used in Operation Rolling Thunder)Americans also used Zippo raids named after a common American tail end lighter.During these raids the US forces, set fire to the homes of farmers and other peasants.A way in which the US forces tried to nark the Vietcong forces from internally was to put Agent Orange into their wet supply. This caused many cruel disea ses, deformities and deaths. It also affected the ability for blameless farmers to grow crops. The affect of Agent Orange still lasts today as some deformities argon said to have been caused by the same thing.The Vietcong on the other hand had a different and more basic form of warfare. They used such things as tripwires and bouncing betties to badly injure the US troops. Although basic, they were extremely effective as many people fell for them.One of the most effective tactics in the war was guerrilla warfare. This was groups of Vietcong troops ambushing a small group of American soldiers. This was their main tactic during the whole war as they did not have as much sheer power as the US.They used the jungle to their advantage and laid mines and booby traps to injure the American soldiers. This make the US troops more fearful when they went out searching for the NLFA more psychological tactic that the Vietcong used was their morale. The Vietcong had far more morale than the US sol diers meaning they were more volition to take risks and die if it was necessary. Their main display of morale was at the battle of La Drang in 1965 in which they conceded many deaths but they did they did not let it get them vanquish, which was almost the opposite of what the Americans were like. This tactic helped them though out the whole war.Chi Chi tunnels was the main survival tactic the Vietcong used. They supplied shelter from attacks, a place to retention food, water, weapons and even to navigate through their battlefield.The Vietcong also had support from other communist countries such as Russia who provided them with SAM missiles which were used to take down aircraft. This helped decrease the join of bombs dropped from the air.Both sides of the War changed tactics around the late 1960s meaning that the War could go both ways at that point depending on whether the countries tactics changed for the better.A new tactics that the Americans used was to try and cut of the Ho Chi Minh trail as it was the method the Vietcong were using to get their supplies. It was a failure as the trail had so many different routes.The My Lai massacre was also a strategy that they thought would take down many NLF troops, but alternatively they caused commotion amongst both the US and the Vietcong as most people just thought of it as a disgusting and cruel massacre of helpless and innocent peasants. This along with the Tet offensive, A surprise attack from the NLF, was making the War now seem in favour of the Vietcong as the citizens of America were now angry most the fact that America had gotten into a War that they were both losing and murdering innocent people.Former well respected news reader stated that the war could not be won, and as he was well respected, it brought down many hopes of a communism free Vietnam.For the Vietcong on the other hand, their morale seemed to increase and also they seemed to be transaction some serious damage to the image and troops of A merica. The Tet offensive was an attack on the Vietnamese New year on June 8th 1968 that was meant to have no combat during that time. This tactic paid off and caused heavy casualties for the Americans.The Vietcong also used a Saigon suicide squad to mostly damage hopes of winning rather than cause physical damage, although it did cause a lot of casualties.Both sides had their ups and downs in tactics, but the determination, morale and thought of improvement caused the Vietcong to be victorious over the Americans. Their victory was down to many factors of war. One reason was because the Americans did not take the Vietcong seriously and thought that it was a battle that would be easily one with sheer power. They were wrong. The way the NLF changed tactics after learning that they could not face America head on at La Drang is an improvement that maybe won them the battle. But overall, it seems that it was what they were fighting for that made the largest difference between the two sid es. America fighting to prevent communism spreading, and the Vietcong fighting for their freedom.