Medieval Castles :: essays research papers

Medieval Castles Medieval Castles were huge protection camps made to protect the king. They had every kind of defense known to medieval man. From murder holes, to arrow-loops, a castle had it. Medieval castles were usually built on a high rocky cliff located by water. Castle locations were very hard to find and sometimes months were spent looking for one. A moat was built around the castle and was usually filled with sewage and bathroom â€Å"goodies.† All these things played an important part in keeping the castle strong and ready to fight. A couple other defenses the castle had were murder holes; soldiers would dump many things on the sieging warriors. Another tactic was the arrow-loops; a small slender cut in the castle wall that arrows could be shot out from but not in to. See Diagram. Castles also had huge 20-foot walls to be protected from. Only two-ways in or out from the wall were present. One in the front of the castle where two iron gates had to be broken. Another gate was located somewhere towards the back of the castle. It was a secret gate that was very hard to find, and only the king knew where the gate had been hidden. The gate was used during an attack to escape from the siege. In the middle of the castle there was a huge building called the keep. This is where the king and queen slept, the kitchen and armory was also located inside. The dinning quarters (the largest room inside) was used very frequent and many employees were assigned to it. The castle was the heart and soul of the country. The king and queen and all of their loyal servants were inside, running the

The Fashion Channel

The Fashion Channel The Fashion Channel has dominated the fashion television market in recent years, but is now faced with an increasing amount of formidable competition. Both CNN and Lifetime have added fashion related programming after seeing an opportunity to gain viewers in that market. These two competitors have been relatively successful in securing a following of viewers.The fashion channel now must make the decision on how to move forward with their marketing plan. They must find the best scenario possible in order increase revenue and secure viewers in this increasingly competitive market. To successfully do execute this plan, The Fashion channel must review the customer segments, complete a profit potential analysis, and chose a marketing plan that best suits their needs and the needs of their viewers. Customer Segments OverviewSegment Name & Size| Fashionistas(15%)| Planners &Shoppers(35%)| Situationalists(30%)| Basics(20%)| Key Differentiating Demographics – what d o they look so that we could tell one segment from another? | Female (61%)High income $100,000+ Age 18 and 34 (50%)| Majority are femaleIncome 65,000+Age 21-45| Tend to have kids Age 24-50 (50%)Less disposable income| Majority are menAge 28-50| Key Differentiating Attitudes & Beliefs – how do they think and feel so that we could tell one segment from another? Treat fashion as a hobbyWant to be the trendsettersThey aren’t price sensitive Shop luxury brandsCare about how they are perceived (looks)| They look for deals, such as couponsHave brand loyalty towards certain brandsSomewhat are price sensitiveLike to plan and have an idea on where they want to go and what they want to buy, practical| Think about fashion only for special occasionsprice sensitive (besides rare occasions)Splurge for only certain occasions| Do not enjoy shoppingPrice sensitiveTend to shop at the same stores ( one stop shop)| Involvement in Fashion & Interest in Fashion on TV| Fashion TV 140 indexLoo k for insight on what’s hot and coming into styleThey treat fashion like an entertainment, They enjoy watching shows about it| Fashion TV 110 indexPopular show how to look good or under $100| Fashion TV 105 indexLike to watch some fashion TV, but normally when their looking to buy| Fashion TV 50 indexDon’t watch fashion on TVDon’t keep with fashion news| Qualitative Assessment of Targeting Priority | Pioneers/early adoptersTarget them heavily, they will spread the word. | Enjoy watching fashion and it’s the biggest segment. Focus on planning and saving when shoppingI would make this the secondary segment. | They don’t shop a whole lot, but they enjoy hearing about fashion. You could dip into this section if you had the resources. | This segment shows now interest in fashion. We believe they should avoid targeting this market. | Methodology Fashionistas: Demographics: Females tend to be more fashion oriented from head to toe than men. This segment h as a high income, which they need to be able to keep up with the trends and the expensive luxury brands.Women between the ages 18-35 are the majority of this market. This is the age range when women try to appeal to others by their looks. Key attitudes and beliefs: They want to have the new and latest clothes and accessories. This segment tends to wear expensive brands to show people they can afford nice clothes and care how they look. They don’t care how much it cost, with their high income they will buy whatever is fashion, even if its outrageously priced. Interest in fashion They enjoy watching fashion on TV (Heavy watchers), they treat it as an entertainment. This is how they keep up with the trends. They also keep up with the fashion through social media and magazines.Assessment: This is the smallest market although they are the ones that fit Fashion TV’s criteria. They are like the pioneers to early adopters in fashion. If they like it they will spread the word t o others, then they start watching the program. This makes it a key factor to target this market well; you want them to likes your programs, so they well send out good recommendations to others. Planners and Shoppers: Demographics: This segment also leans towards females (60%). The age range for this segment is 21-45. The young side of the segment is young and with lower incomes. The older side of the segment likes to be thrifty and get the best deal for their dollar, even though they make good money. They have an income of 65,000+.They have enough income to spend on nice clothes, but need to find the best deals to stay within their budget. Key attitudes and beliefs: This segment still likes to look good, but is on a budget, so they look for the best deals. If an item is on sale they are more prone to purchase it. They tend to be loyal to certain brands. They stick with certain brands, to receive loyalty coupons and other discounts. Interest in fashion: This segment has pretty simil ar interest in fashion as the fashionistas. They would watch shows that deal more with value, like how to look good with under $100. Assessment: This segment has the largest size, which makes it an attractive market to target; the numbers agree this is a good segment.They watch fashion TV and enjoy planning shopping trips. You could market shows that deal with planning shopping trips and how to shop on a budget. Situationalists: Demographics: Found this segment to be made up of male and female. With about 50% of the populations having kids living at their home still, they have less of a disposable income. Parents with kids living at home tend to range between 24-50 years of age. Key attitudes and beliefs: Fashion only occurs to them in special occasions. They typically don’t spend a lot on clothes, but for certain occasions they splurge a little bit. They are somewhat price sensitive, because of their low disposable income.Interest in fashion: While the other segments watch T V for tips and trend, this segments tends to watch TV recreational. They don’t watch it daily. Assessment: We believe the previous two segments are more attractive than this one, although they could dip into this segment. Situantiolists show some interest in fashion. Having a wedding dress show is something that would intrigue this audience. Shows that deal with special occasions, weddings are the big one. This group wants information about fashion for the key moments of their lives. Basics: Demographics: The majority of this segment tends to be male. The age range of the segment is 28-50. Men younger than 28 years old care more about their appearance, while going through School and impressing girls.Once they get married and content with their life they tend to care less about what they wear and spend little time shopping. Key attitudes and beliefs: This segment is price sensitive, they don’t care as much about what brand they wear so they will look to for the cheapest one. They also don’t like to go out shopping, so they will go to one stop shop (clothing stores) where they can buy all they need in one store. Interest in fashion: This group does not watch much fashion TV nor do they try to interact with the fashion world. Assessment: This group does not watch hardly any fashion TV and show little interest in fashion. In the end it would be smart not to target this segment.Profit Potential Analysis Rate each segment on 1-10 scale per text| Fashionistas| Planners &Shoppers| Situationalists| Basics| Market Size| 2| 7| 6| 3| Market Growth| Not applicable| Not applicable| Not applicable| Not applicable| Competitive Strength| 8| 6| 4| 2| Price Sensitivity| 8| 5| 3| 2| Production Costs| 4| 6| 6| 2 | Marketing Costs| Not applicable| Not applicable| Not applicable| Not applicable| Market Value (Sum above/4)| 5. 5| 6| 4. 75| 2. 25| Market Size:These ratings were based on the percentage of households that fall into each category. Competitive Strengt h: Competitive strength was rated on the ability of TFC to reach the segment compared to the abilities of their competitors Lifetime and CNN. The primary advantage of TFC is that the programming is focused on fashion, while the competitors offer less fashion related shows. This gives TFC a large competitive advantage with Fashionistas but puts them at a disadvantage with the Basics. The Planners & Shoppers group would also appreciate the fashion advice, while Situationalists would likely only watch programming that focused on specific fashion topics.Price Sensitivity: The Fashionista group is the least price sensitive segment due to a larger household income and an interest in fashion trends. The other three groups all expressed interest in value. The Planners and Shoppers group received a higher rating due to the fact that they enjoy shopping and stay up to date on trends. Situationalists were the third ranking group. They also enjoy shopping, but only for specific needs. The lowes t rated group was the Basics, they are very price sensitive because they want value and do not enjoy shopping. Production Costs: Production costs in this case refer to the costs of TFC advertising to each target group.The Basics group would be the most expensive to target, as they represent the greatest departure from the station’s current demographics. This group is made up of 55% men, while only 39% of the channel’s viewers are men. It would require an extensive advertising campaign to reach this group. There would not be much difference in the costs of advertising to the Planners & Shoppers and Situationalists since they have similar demographics. Production costs for the Fashionistas would likely be higher than these two groups because advertisements would have to keep up with changing fashion trends. Exhibit 4: Ad Revenue Calculator| | | | | Ad Revenue Calculator|   |   |   |   | | Current| 2007 Base| Scenario 1| Scenario 2| Scenario 3| TV HH| 110,000,000| 110,000,000| 110,000,000| 110,000,000| 110,000,000| Average Rating| 1. 0%| 1| 1. 2| 0. 8| 1. 2| Average Viewers (Thousand)| 1100| 1100| 1320| 880| 1320| Average CPM*| $2. 00| $2. 00 | $1. 80| $3. 50| $2. 50| Average Revenue/Ad Minute**| $2,200| $2,200| $2,376| $3,080| $3,300| Ad Minutes/Week| 2016| 2016| 2016| 2016| 2016| Weeks/Year| 52| 52| 52| 52| 52| Ad Revenue/Year| $230,630,400 | $230,630,400 | $249,080,832 | $322,882,560 | $345,945,600 | Incremental Programming Expense|   | $0 | $0 | $15,000,000 | $20,000,000 |   |   |   |   |   |   | | | | | | | * Revenue/Thousand Viewers| | | | | | ** Calculated by multiplying Average Viewers by Average CPM| | | | | 2006 Actual| 2007 Base| Scenario 1| Scenario 2| Scenario 3| Exhibit 5: Financials Revenue:|   |   |   |   |   | Ad Sales| $230,630,400 | $230,630,400 | $249,080,832 | $322,882,560 | $345,945,600 | Affiliate Fees| $80,000,000| $81,600,000| $81,600,000| $81,600,000| $81,600,000| Total Revenue| $310,630,400 | $312,230,400 | $330,680,832 | $404,482,560 | $427,545,600 |   |   |   |   |   |   | Expenses|   |   |   |   |   | Cost of Operations| $70,000,000| $72,100,000| $72,100,000| $72,100,000| $72,100,000| Cost of Programming| $55,000,000| $55,000,000 | $55,000,000 | $70,000,000 | $75,000,000 | Ad Sales Commissions| $6,918,912| $6,918,912. 00 | $7,472,424. 96 | $9,686,476. 80 | $10,378,368. 0 | Marketing & Advertising| $45,000,000| $15,000,000 | $15,000,000 | $15,000,000 | $15,000,000 | SGA| $40,000,000| $41,200,000| $41,200,000| $41,200,000| $41,200,000| Total Expense| $216,918,912| $190,218,912| $190,772,425| $207,986,477| $213,678,368|   |   |   |   |   |   | Net Income| $93,711,488 | $122,011,488 | $139,908,407 | $196,496,083 | $213,867,232 | Margin| 30%| 39%| 42%| 49%| 50%| Recommendation We recommend that Dana Wheeler and The Fashion Channel use the third segmentation scenario. There are positives and negatives to every plan; we feel that the third plan shows the highest revenue increase, and delivers the best competitive advantage.The first scenario describes a plan in which The Fashion Channel would, â€Å"maintain a broad appeal to a cross segment of Fashionistas, Planners & Shoppers, and Situationalists. † (Stahl) The broad marketing plan outlined in scenario one delivers a net income of $139,908,407, and a 3% increase the margin percentage. This would be an increase of almost $19,000,000 in ad revenue per year. This plan would slightly increase the average rating that The Fashion Channel would receive and boost the average viewer number slightly, and still would not come with an incremental programming expense. This plan would however, come with a drop in the average CPM, and â€Å"along with the 10% drop in forecasted Ad sales, a broad multi-cluster strategy may not deliver an audience different enough to avoid that drop. (Stahl) Dana Wheeler had mentioned that leaving the programming unchanged along with the mo re general advertising focus could leave them vulnerable to continued penetration by â€Å"competitors in the premium segments, thus further eroding The Fashion Channel’s pricing ability. † The second scenario was to focus on the Fashionistias. This scenario would increase ad revenue per year from $230,630,400 to $322,822,560 and would increase the margin by 10%. This scenario was described as valuable because of the strong demographic. This scenario would target the smallest segment but because of the value placed on these viewers, mainly women aged between 18 and 34, would lead to a CPM of $3. 50, which is the highest of the three scenarios.The targeted segment being smaller would mean that The Fashion Channel would incur an additional programming cost per year of fifteen million dollars, along with a decrease of 0. 2% in television ratings. This scenario doesn’t increase awareness, and carries the risk of not targeting enough viewers leading to further decrea ses in overall ratings. The final scenario outlined a plan to target two segments, the Fashionistas and the Shoppers/Planners. This scenario is the one that we would recommend The Fashion Channel to take. This scenario carries an additional cost of $20,000,000 for programming to â€Å"ensure that there were viewing selections aimed at both segments. † (Stahl) This plan shows the most promising numbers of the three scenarios.Both of the targeted segments are deemed valuable to ad buyers, which increases the average CPM to $2. 50. The Fashionistas and Shoppers/Planners scenario shows an increase in ad revenue per year from $230,630,400 to $345,945,600. That is an increase of $115,000,000 in ad revenue, resulting in a $91,000,000 net income increase. The increase to the margin is significant at 11%, and could increase in the future. The average CPM may be low considering the value of the viewer’s being targeted. The repositioning in programming may help when dealing with the increasing competitive threats. Works Cited Stahl, Wendy. â€Å"The Fashion Channel. â€Å"Harvard Business School  1 (2007): 1-12. Print.

Fun French Number Practice for the Classroom

Do you find teaching numbers boring, figuring that once youve taught your students to count in French, theres not much else you can do? If so, I have good news for you (and your students). Here are some great ideas for practicing numbers, including several games. Simple French Number Practice Ideas Use flash cards with the digit written on one side and the French spelling of the number on the other. Ask students to count by twos, fives, tens, etc.Count different objects in the classroom: number of desks, chairs, windows, doors, students, etc.Practice numbers with math operations: adding, subtracting, etc.Print out some paper money or use pennies and practice numbers by counting money.Talk about the time and date.Depending on the age of your students and your concerns about privacy, you could ask students about various personal details in French: birthdayagenumber and ages of brothers, sisters, cousin(e)sphone numberaddress You or your students can bring in pictures of food, clothing, dishes, office supplies, etc. and then discuss how much each item might cost - Ça coà »te 152,25 euros, for example. Good for combining number practice with other vocabulary words.One teacher found that students forgot to use the word ans when describing someones age, so now at the beginning of class, she writes the names of one or two celebrities or notable French people on the chalkboard and students guess his/her age. You can find birthdays in Today in Francophone history. Fun French Numbers Practice, Games and Activities British Bulldog / Dog and Bone A game for outdoors or a gymnasium: Divide the class in half, and have each side stand in a long line facing the other half, with a large gap for running between the two teams. Give each member a number: each team should have the same set of numbers but in a different order so that the students with the same number are not facing each other. An article, such as a scarf, skittle, or baton, is placed in the space between the two teams. Then the teacher calls a number and the student from each team with that number races to retrieve the article. Whoever gets it earns a point for his/her team. Number Toss Have the students stand in a circle and throw a nerf ball to another student (not adjacent). Upon catching the ball the student must say the next number. If s/he doesnt know what number youre on, says the wrong number, or pronounces it incorrectly, s/he is out of the game. Phone Numbers Have students write their actual phone numbers on a small piece of paper with no names. You can play too, by writing a phone number that you know well (such as the schools if you dont want to use your own). Collect the slips of paper and pass them back out randomly, making sure that no one has his/her own number. Everyone stands up. Start the game by reading the number on the paper you have. The person whose number it is sits down and reads the number s/he has, and so on until everyone is seated. Works well for listening, but they have to be able to say the numbers accurately enough for their classmates to understand them. I do this once theyve learned 0 to 9. Le Prix est Juste / The Price Is Right Teacher thinks of a number and gives students a range to guess from. Students respond and if incorrect, the teacher responds with plus or moins. When a student finally guesses the correct answer, s/he can be rewarded with a sticker, piece of candy, or a point for the team. Then the teacher thinks of a new number and gives a range and students begin guessing again. TPR with Numbers Write numbers on large cards, then call out instructions to the students: Mettez trente sur la table, Mettez sept sous la chaise (if they know prepositions and classroom vocabulary for example). You can mix it up with other vocabulary to catch them off guard and keep their attention: Donnez vingt à   Paul, Mettez la prof sur huit, Tournez vingt, Marchez vite avec onze. Or you can put the cards on the chalk tray and practice with avant, aprà ¨s, and à   cà ´tà © de: Mettez trente avant seize, Mettez zà ©ro aprà ¨s dix, etc. You might want to start with just five or so numbers at first; when they get good at those, add a couple more and so on. Zut Go around the room and count. Each time there is a 7 - a number with 7 in it (like 17, 27) or a multiple of 7 (14, 21) - the student must say zut instead of the number. They are knocked out of the game if they mispronounce the number, say the wrong number, or say the number when they should say zut. So the game should sound like this: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, zut, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, zut, 15, 16, zut, 18, 19, 20.... You can change the zut number periodically to keep them on their toes.

Romeo and Juliet Analytical Essay - 968 Words

A Taste of Shakespeare - Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare is widely known for all of his literary works; one of his most famous love tragedies being Romeo and Juliet. A Shakespearean definition of tragedy exemplifies the sense that human beings are inevitably doomed through their own failures or errors, the ironic action of their virtues, or even through the nature of fate and destiny (Sayour, Susan, 2007). Romeo and Juliet is a tragic tale based on two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately unite their feuding families. Throughout the play, Shakespeare intentionally draws on text structures and language features in order to replicate the attitudes, values and beliefs of Elizabethan audiences and intertwine it into his†¦show more content†¦However, Juliet soon stumbles upon her fate when she finally meets Romeo and instantly falls in love with him, despite him being the son of her familys enemy. Shakespeares text structure depicts Juliet as someone who is reckless, and does not stop long enough to ev aluate the full consequences of her actions. Farewell!—God knows when we shall meet again. I have a faint cold fear thrills through my veins. That almost freezes up the heat of life. I’ll call them back again to comfort me. — Nurse!—what should she do here (4:3:14-18). Shakespeare uses paradox, hyperbole, apostrophe and oxymoron to convey the violence of emotions in Romeo and Juliet as also the sweet lyricism of young passionate love (Albertan A, 2003). His clever use of dramatic structure enables the audience to switch between comedy and tragedy to heighten the tension, leading up to the heartrending climax. O, look! Methinks I see my cousins ghost Seeking out Romeo that did spit his body, upon a rapiers point: — stay, Tybalt, stay! (4:3:19-21). This apostrophe is a solitary example of the establishment of tragedy within the play, showing how two star-crossed lovers have a destiny with death. William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is undeniably one of the most eminent tales of tragedy ever written. Act 4, Scene 3 has ingeniously demonstrated how the plot and themes, and characterizationShow MoreRelatedThe Humoral Theory Of William Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet1425 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristics or personality traits. Critics have long described Shakespeare as using these humours and temperaments as a way for the audience to understand the character, plot and other aspects of his plays. In such plays as Romeo and Juliet where critics have described Romeo as being a melancholy figure it is exceptionally brought about by using the four humours involved in the humoral theory that is said to have first originated by Hippocrates and later elaborated on by Galen. The four humoursRead MoreHSC English Advanced Course Module B: Critical Study of Texts1532 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween 2 or 3 of the film versions and writes a 3-page essay regarding how this difference impacts the overall interpretation of the film In groups, students select one large feature of the text and develop a means of representing this element on film, with justification based on the meaning of such a representation 3 films Formative Assessment Task: Students to visually represent a Scene, Character, Relationship or Theme from Romeo Juliet by William Shakespeare. Students are to submit or performRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagesattitudes emergence of ethnic writers and women writers Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · narratives: both fiction and nonfiction anti-heroes concern with connections between people emotion-provoking humorous irony storytelling emphasized autobiographical essays Effect: ï‚ · too soon to tell Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · people beginning a new century and a new millennium media culture interprets values Analyzing Poetry: Poetry Tips Analyzing Poetry What is poetry? How is it analyzed? What areRead MoreLiterature and Language10588 Words   |  43 Pagesrhythms. When stress is organized to form regular rhythms, the term used for it is METRE. Traditionally, to work out the metre of a poem, first of all you need to work out the number of syllables in each line, as in this example from the play Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare: ex.9-14 For saints have hands that pilgrims’ hands do touch There are ten syllables in this line and the bold ones are the stressed syllables. ( The stressed syllables may be different according to different understandings

Gangs of New York History vs. Hollywood - 1164 Words

The movie begins in New York, in 1843, with a gang fight. Bill the butcher Cuttings gang of nativists have challenged the dead rabbits (a gang of mostly Irish immigrants) to a fight to settle once and for all who is the most powerful gang in the area. After an intense battle the nativists win by killing the leader of the dead rabbits, also Amsterdams (the main characters) father. Amsterdam is then led into an orphanage where he grows to be a man, all while Bill Cutting runs the Five Points, and most of New York. The Five Points is a district of New York City and obviously the most corrupt. Crime is all to common, and sickness runs rampant in the area. Although very underdeveloped, Amsterdam has sworn to revenge his†¦show more content†¦In 1802, the city organized the adjacent Bunker Hill, to be leveled into Collect Pond. The job was finished in 1813. The houses were built cheaply while the land remained marshy ,and dense with mosquitos. When the Irish began flocking to New Y ork during their potato famine they needed cheap shelters and the Five Points was just the place. Also, the corrupt politicians in New York was a reality. Boss Tweed was running a political machine, and the public were the ones getting the raw deal. In a famous series of newspaper interviews George Plunkett explains the difference between honest graft and dishonest graft. Everybody is talking these days about Tammany men growin richer on graft, but nobody thinks of drawing the distinction between honest graft and dishonest graft. Theres all the difference in the world between the two. Yes, many of our men have grown rich in politics. I have myself. Ive made a big fortune out fo the game, and Im gettin richer every day, but Ive not gone in for dishonest graft--blackmailin gamblers, saloonkeepers, disorderly people, etc.--and neither has any of the men who have made big fortunes in politics. (taken from the American Pageant) Second, the inaccuracies. Bill the Butcher a die hard nativi st, has his headquarters in the Five Points. This is ridiculous. By the 1860s the Five Points were constructed as a fortress to ward off the nativists. Any Know Nothing who would try to live in the FiveShow MoreRelated Gangs of New York History vs. Hollywood Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The movie begins in New York, in 1843, with a gang fight. Bill â€Å"the butcher† Cutting’s gang of â€Å"nativists† have challenged the â€Å"dead rabbits† (a gang of mostly Irish immigrants) to a fight to settle once and for all who is the most powerful gang in the area. After an intense battle the â€Å"nativists† win by killing the leader of the â€Å"dead rabbits†, also Amsterdam’s (the main character’s) father. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Amsterdam is then led into an orphanage whereRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Italian Mafia1664 Words   |  7 PagesLa Cosa Nostra and the Five Families of which the surrounding area of New York City is comprised has drastically altered the culture in the region; transforming industries with brute force and attracting much public attention. Hollywood focuses on glamorizing the Mafioso lifestyle, distracting from the true nature of organized crime. Over the past decade, the key opportunities have been utilized by the Italian Mafia, resulting in a powerful behind-the-scenes dominance over many aspects we mayRead MoreTombstone: Fact or Fiction Essay1412 Words   |  6 Pagesas the film portrays. 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Principles of Managerial Finance Methods

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Managerial Finance Methods. Answer: Introduction: This study deals with managerial finance and its usefulness in the financial markets (Pratt 2013). In this assignment, proper emphasis has been given on understanding impose of short selling restrictions on financial securities by the financial market regulators. This background of the top selected decides whether restrictions had been successfully achieved for the purpose. The main purpose was to curb excess stock price volatility. The main objective of the report is to elucidate the reasons behind the restrictions imposed on short-term securities (Weil, Schipper and Francis 2013). There are certain findings that have been undertaken by using secondary sources of information such as journal articles. For evaluation purpose, six academic journal articles are selected that gives an overview of explanation to the research topic on how the restrictions on short selling was successful on curbing the excess stock price volatility (Saunders and Cornett 2014). Financial market regulators compulsory short selling limitations on financial securities The expression short selling has different meaning in diverse jurisdictions. Market practices even vary in diverse markets. It is necessary for understanding constitute of short selling activity as a consistent approach to short selling (Deegan 2013). Regulatory tools used for controlling short-selling activities In order to mitigate the risk associate with short selling, Market Authorities had imposed various tools like price restriction rules for exercising various levels of controls in the short-selling transaction chain. Most of the jurisdictions even adopt control that restrict short-selling whereas other permit short-selling. For instance, National Market Authorities had believe the fact that failed trades arise from marketplace making behavior that are not subject to severe resolution requirements but rather allow more time for closing out positions because of unsuccessful trades. It is argued that short selling is subject to margins like price restraint rules or pre-borrowing requirement whereby the National Authorities considers creation of exceptions to the limitations for the activities. As rightly put forward by Deegan (2013), short selling is apparent for gaining main advantages of facilitating in a more rapid pricing structure of overestimated securities. The other regulatory concern is that short-selling is used for assisting the market mistreatment. It does not mean that short selling is offensive in itself. Financial regulators often constitute manipulative activity that varies between jurisdictions (Gitman, Juchau and Flanagan 2015). The first journal article is taken from Journal of Finance and titled as Short selling and earnings management (Fang, Huang and Karpoff 2015). Experiment had been conducted where the SEC ordered a pilot agenda by selecting the pilot stocks that are exempted from short-sale cost tests. In this, there had been selection of pilot firms that takes into consideration the discretionary accruals as well as likelihood that marginally beaten the earnings targets as it decreases with a period of time. Therefore, the result outcome explains that short advertising or its view curbs income administration as it help in detecting fraud and improving the price efficiency at the same time (Kolasinski, Reed and Thornock 2013). The second journal article is titled as Financial crisis only impose short-term economic costs but also creates enormous regulatory risks (Calomiris 2013). Financial crisis is at present absorbing the worldwide financial system that is already producing huge proposals used for authoritarian improvement from all of the accommodation. From the preceding fiscal crisis, the Great Depression had brought important fiscal authoritarian changes that are discredited by economists as well as economic historians as they are counterproductive. For instance, United States had removed the authoritarian missteps by allowing the banks for paying marketplace attention charge on deposits as well as offering financial services to the customers (Gitman, Juchau and Flanagan 2015). The third journal article is taken from Journal of Banking and Finance and titled as Costs and benefits of financial regulation: Short-selling bans and transaction taxes (Lensberg, Schenk-Hopp and Ladley 2015). This article explains the effect of fiscal regulations in a balance representation that is delegated with collection organization. It has been noted that fund managers mostly trade with stocks as well as bonds in an order-driven marketplace that is subject to business taxes and constraints on short selling and influence. In other words, the results that are generated are obtained on the balance properties of collection option that involves trade activities as well as market excellence and price dynamics that are under various systems (Kolasinski, Reed and Thornock 2013). The forth journal article is titled as Can short-restrictions actually increases informed short-selling (Kolasinski, Reed and Thornock 2013). It is tested that short selling regulations actually increased informed short selling activities. It is found that more unconstructive price reactions to short-interest announcements actually pose no reliance that impact short sales volume. For most of the stocks that are excluded short sales, it has been noted that increase in the price has affected short sale quantity that has no dependable change in the price response to short-interest announcements. The fifth journal article is taken from Journal of accounting and economics and tiled as In short supply: Short-sellers and stock returns ( Beneish, Lee and Nichols 2015). This article examines the financial determinants of short-sale contribute as well as its penalty for prospect stock income. On the contrary, lendable supply actually increases with the predictable borrowing expenses as well as decreases with the fiscal statement that constructs and indicates overvaluation. There has been a rising loan fee that actually helps easy in supply constraints. The sixth journal article is tiled as Short-selling attacks and creditor runs (Liu 2014). This article highlights the mechanism through which short selling of a bank stock trigger the failure of the bank. By using the model, it is helpful in gaining information from stock prices as it will grow increasingly in facing the stock prices variations (Gitman, Juchau and Flanagan 2015). Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that restrictions on short selling has been beneficial for curbing the price volatility. This has been further proven when the study conducted analysis by reviewing six journal articles that explains the restrictions on appropriate way. Some of the activities that fall under the categories include bona fide hedging as well as arbitrage activities and market making at the same time. Therefore, the study clearly explains each of the attributes of short selling restrictions and its impact in the near future. Bibliography Beneish, M.D., Lee, C.M. and Nichols, D.C., 2015. In short supply: Short-sellers and stock returns. Journal of accounting and economics, 60(2), pp.33-57. Calomiris, C.W., 2013. Financial crises not only impose short-term economic costs butalso create enormous regulatory risks. The financial cri-sisthat is currently gripping the global economy is already producing voluminous proposals for regulatory reform from all quarters. Previous financial crisesmost obviously the Great Depressionbrought significant financial regulatory changes in their wake, most of which were subsequently discredited by econo-mists and economic historians as counterproductive. Reacting to the Spending Spree: Policy Changes We Can Afford, p.17. Deegan, C., 2013. Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Fang, V.W., Huang, A.H. and Karpoff, J.M., 2015. Short selling and earnings management: A controlled experiment. The Journal of Finance. Gitman, L.J., Juchau, R. and Flanagan, J., 2015. Principles of managerial finance. Pearson Higher Education AU. Kolasinski, A.C., Reed, A. and Thornock, J.R., 2013. Can short restrictions actually increase informed short selling?. Financial Management, 42(1), pp.155-181. Lensberg, T., Schenk-Hopp, K.R. and Ladley, D., 2015. Costs and benefits of financial regulation: Short-selling bans and transaction taxes. Journal of Banking Finance, 51, pp.103-118. Liu, X., 2014. Short-selling attacks and creditor runs. Management Science, 61(4), pp.814-830. Pratt, J., 2013. Financial accounting in an economic context. Wiley Global Education. Saunders, A. and Cornett, M.M., 2014. Financial institutions management. McGraw-Hill Education,. Weil, R.L., Schipper, K. and Francis, J., 2013. Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning. Wong, A. and Carducci, B., 2016. Do sensation seeking, control orientation, ambiguity, and dishonesty traits affect financial risk tolerance?. Managerial Finance, 42(1), pp.34-41.

What should teachers do to avoid apathetic students an Example by

What should teachers, parents, and students do to avoid apathetic students? Apathetic people or those who are normally unconcerned and indifferent can be just anywhere. Being with an apathetic person can pose a lot of problems and misunderstanding. In the context of the classroom, where cooperation is needed, it will be very hard to related with apathetic students. But there are ways in which students, teachers and parents can avoid these people. They may either elude them or just be part of their lives and encourage them to start reaching out their hands to others. First, we have to understand the status of student apathy in different educational institutions in the country. By looking into the context of learning by which the level of student apathy is high we can see that there are many factors playing important roles. It can be noted that the cases of student apathy is high in the low-income and low-performing high schools (Thompson 50). Need essay sample on "What should teachers, parents, and students do to avoid apathetic students?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed While many teachers blame the students or their parents for the apathetic characteristic of the students, teachers cannot deny that they also have large responsibilities in handling their students and guiding them in the classroom. Blaming normally happens especially when African American and Latino students have low grades and poor performance in school. Teachers blame students for not valuing education and for being lazy; parents, on the other hand, are blamed because they dont care (Thompson 50). What teachers can do is to change their mode of teaching and increasing their efforts to deal with their apathetic students. In cases of educational institutions where student apathy is extensive, teachers have to quit blaming students and parents and ponder on their own method of dealing with these students. In order to avoid the increase in the number of apathetic students in the classroom, the teacher should look into the needs of the students which are not met at home or in school. Th ey could also talk to students and their parents in order to discuss the problem and think of an effective way to deal with the students apathy. Parents also have the same responsibilities as teachers. If their children show signs of being apathetic, they should have open communication with them in order to understand their situation. They should also coordinate with the teachers to know how their children perform in school. We can say that most apathetic students have problems at home or maybe they just need more help and support from their parents. With this, parents should be ready to guide their children and encourage them to do their best in school and in other activities. Parents can also influence their children to cooperate and to exert more efforts in school. In this way, student apathy can decrease if not totally avoided. Because of certain school activities requiring group work, students cannot totally avoid working with their apathetic classmates. However, if they get to choose their group mates then it will be easier to avoid their classmates who show apathetic characteristics. But students can also influence their apathetic classmates to perform better in school. While it can be really tough to work with people who are not willing to cooperate, with enough time and effort, these apathetic students can still improve and do well in school. Being apathetic is relative and most of the time a person may seem apathetic in the eyes of another but look normal for some. The stress of being called an apathetic person can really put down a person and would not do anything good for that persons improvement. It is always healthy to exercise our social skills even with those people tagged as apathetic because we can never tell, maybe one day we may turn out to be the only person who can bring out the best in them. Work Cited Thompson, Gail. "Beneath the Apathy." Educational Leadership 65.5 (Mar. 2008): 50. MAS Ultra - School Edition. EBSCO.